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** "Creator" brian
** "Creation Date" Sun Jun  8 22:08:23 2003
** "Creation Version" 4.42 (1021.500)
** "Revisor" brian
** "Last Modified" Mon Mar  1 08:34:38 2004
** "Last Modified Version" 4.42 (1021.500)

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  "?"
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 T_PNTS (0,238)(0,0)(1788,0)(1788,310)(0,310)(0,238)(1788,238)
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  "Application"
.TXT AT (3077,2720)
 RECOLOR ON
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 BOLD OFF
 TXTXYOFF <-13 238>
 T_PNTS (0,238)(0,0)(1230,0)(1230,577)(0,577)(0,238)(1230,238)
 .STR
  "e.g. web\nbrowser"
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  T_PNTS (0,437)(0,0)(8820,0)(8820,1063)(0,1063)(0,437)(8820,437)
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  .STR
   "There are three roles involved in DNS"
END PICTURE
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END NOTES

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 RECOLOR ON
 TEMPLATE_FLAGS <1 0 0 0>
 T_POS <584 584 9475 2254>
 .TXT AT (2319,732)
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  T_PNTS (0,449)(0,0)(5414,0)(5414,463)(0,463)(0,449)(5414,449)
  .STR
   "Three roles in DNS"
.TMP AT (584,2548)
 RECOLOR ON
 TEMPLATE_FLAGS <2 3 0 0>
 T_POS <584 2548 9495 7244>
 .TXT AT (738,2166)
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  .STR
   "RESOLVER"
  .STR
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   "\n\tTakes request from application, formats it into UDP packet,
  sends to cache"
  .STR
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   "\nCACHING NAMESERVER"
  .STR
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   V_SPACE <28 389 0>
   SIZE 280000
   "\n\tReturns the answer if already known"
  .STR
   "\n\tOtherwise searches for an authoritative server which has th
 e information"
  .STR
   "\n\tCaches the result for future queries"
  .STR
   "\n\tAlso known as RECURSIVE nameserver"
  .STR
   PARA <-500 500 -500 2 1000 39 1 228>
   V_SPACE <56 444 0>
   SIZE 320000
   "\nAUTHORITATIVE NAMESERVER"
  .STR
   PARA <-500 1000 -500 2 1000 39 1 221>
   V_SPACE <28 389 0>
   SIZE 280000
   "\n\tContains the actual information put into the DNS by the dom
 ain owner"
END PICTURE
NOTES
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END NOTES

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 SLIDE_STYLE <0 -1 1>
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END SLIDE_INFO
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.TMP AT (584,584)
 RECOLOR ON
 TEMPLATE_FLAGS <1 0 0 0>
 T_POS <584 584 9475 2254>
 .TXT AT (2319,732)
  RECOLOR ON
  TEMPLATED ON
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  SIZE 440000 BOLD ON L_SPACE 611 MARGINS <0 0 0 0>
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  .STR
   "Three roles in DNS"
.TMP AT (584,2548)
 RECOLOR ON
 TEMPLATE_FLAGS <2 3 0 0>
 T_POS <584 2548 9495 7244>
 .TXT AT (554,2646)
  RECOLOR ON
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  .STR
   "The SAME protocol is used for resolver"
  .STR
   FONT 1
   "^no"
  .STR
   FONT 2
   "cache and cache"
  .STR
   FONT 1
   "^no"
  .STR
   FONT 2
   "auth NS communication"
  .STR
   "\nIt is possible to configure a single name server as both cach
 ing and authoritative"
  .STR
   "\nBut it still performs only one role for each incoming query"
  .STR
   "\nCommon but NOT RECOMMENDED to configure in this way (see late
 r)"
END PICTURE
NOTES
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END NOTES

SLIDE_INFO
 SLIDE_STYLE <0 -1 1>
 LAYOUT_ID <1 2 12 12 12>
END SLIDE_INFO
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.TMP AT (584,584)
 RECOLOR ON
 TEMPLATE_FLAGS <1 0 0 0>
 T_POS <584 584 9475 2254>
 .TXT AT (1452,732)
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  .STR
   "ROLE 1: THE RESOLVER"
.TMP AT (584,2548)
 RECOLOR ON
 TEMPLATE_FLAGS <2 3 0 0>
 T_POS <584 2548 9495 7244>
 .TXT AT (562,2658)
  RECOLOR ON
  TEMPLATED ON
  BACKFILL <39 39 5 1000 0 0 0>
  PARA <-500 500 -500 2 1000 39 1 228>
  V_SPACE <56 444 0>
  SIZE 320000 BOLD OFF HOR_JUST LEFT L_SPACE 444
  TXTXYOFF <11 323>
  T_PNTS (0,323)(0,0)(8272,0)(8272,3642)(0,3642)(0,323)(8272,323)
  H_SPACE 8912
  .STR
   "A piece of software which formats a DNS request into a UDP pack
 et, sends it to a cache, and decodes the answer"
  .STR
   "\nUsually a shared library (e.g. libresolv.so under Unix) becau
 se so many applications need it"
  .STR
   "\nEVERY host needs a resolver - e.g. every Windows workstation 
 has one"
END PICTURE
NOTES
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  BACKFILL <38 44 5 1000 0 0 0>
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END NOTES

SLIDE_INFO
 SLIDE_STYLE <0 -1 1>
 LAYOUT_ID <1 2 12 12 12>
END SLIDE_INFO
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.TMP AT (584,584)
 RECOLOR ON
 TEMPLATE_FLAGS <1 0 0 0>
 T_POS <584 584 9475 2254>
 .TXT AT (943,742)
  RECOLOR ON
  TEMPLATED ON
  BACKFILL <40 40 5 1000 0 0 0>
  V_SPACE <0 611 0>
  SIZE 440000 BOLD ON L_SPACE 611 MARGINS <0 0 0 0>
  TXTXYOFF <-126 439>
  T_PNTS (0,439)(0,0)(8408,0)(8408,1182)(0,1182)(0,439)(8408,439)
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  .STR
   "How does the resolver find a caching nameserver?"
.TMP AT (584,2548)
 RECOLOR ON
 TEMPLATE_FLAGS <2 3 0 0>
 T_POS <584 2548 9495 7244>
 .TXT AT (562,2658)
  RECOLOR ON
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  T_PNTS (0,323)(0,0)(8186,0)(8186,2722)(0,2722)(0,323)(8186,323)
  H_SPACE 8912
  .STR
   "It has to be explicitly configured (statically, or via DHCP etc
 )"
  .STR
   "\nMust be configured with the IP ADDRESS of a cache (why not na
 me?)"
  .STR
   "\nGood idea to configure more than one cache, in case the first
  one fails"
END PICTURE
NOTES
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  BACKFILL <38 44 5 1000 0 0 0>
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END NOTES

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 SLIDE_STYLE <0 -1 1>
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END SLIDE_INFO
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.TMP AT (584,584)
 RECOLOR ON
 TEMPLATE_FLAGS <1 0 0 0>
 T_POS <584 584 9475 2254>
 .TXT AT (1263,744)
  RECOLOR ON
  TEMPLATED ON
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  SIZE 440000 BOLD ON L_SPACE 611 MARGINS <0 0 0 0>
  TXTXYOFF <-127 437>
  T_PNTS (0,437)(0,0)(7764,0)(7764,1180)(0,1180)(0,437)(7764,437)
  H_SPACE 8892
  .STR
   "How do you choose which cache(s) to configure?"
.TMP AT (584,2548)
 RECOLOR ON
 TEMPLATE_FLAGS <2 3 0 0>
 T_POS <584 2548 9495 7244>
 .TXT AT (562,2655)
  RECOLOR ON
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  V_SPACE <56 444 0>
  SIZE 320000 BOLD OFF HOR_JUST LEFT L_SPACE 444
  TXTXYOFF <11 326>
  T_PNTS (0,326)(0,0)(8199,0)(8199,3857)(0,3857)(0,326)(8199,326)
  H_SPACE 8912
  .STR
   "Must have PERMISSION to use it"
  .STR
   PARA <-500 1000 -500 2 1000 39 1 221>
   V_SPACE <28 389 0>
   SIZE 280000
   "\n\te.g. cache at your ISP, or your own"
  .STR
   PARA <-500 500 -500 2 1000 39 1 228>
   V_SPACE <56 444 0>
   SIZE 320000
   "\nPrefer a nearby cache"
  .STR
   PARA <-500 1000 -500 2 1000 39 1 221>
   V_SPACE <28 389 0>
   SIZE 280000
   "\n\tMinimises round-trip time and packet loss"
  .STR
   "\n\tCan reduce traffic on your external link, since often the c
 ache can answer without contacting other servers"
  .STR
   PARA <-500 500 -500 2 1000 39 1 228>
   V_SPACE <56 444 0>
   SIZE 320000
   "\nPrefer a reliable cache"
  .STR
   PARA <-500 1000 -500 2 1000 39 1 221>
   V_SPACE <28 389 0>
   SIZE 280000
   "\n\tPerhaps your own?"
END PICTURE
NOTES
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END NOTES

SLIDE_INFO
 SLIDE_STYLE <0 -1 1>
 LAYOUT_ID <1 2 12 12 12>
END SLIDE_INFO
PICTURE
.TMP AT (584,584)
 RECOLOR ON
 TEMPLATE_FLAGS <1 0 0 0>
 T_POS <584 584 9475 2254>
 .TXT AT (1096,742)
  RECOLOR ON
  TEMPLATED ON
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  SIZE 440000 BOLD ON L_SPACE 611 MARGINS <0 0 0 0>
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  T_PNTS (0,439)(0,0)(8102,0)(8102,1177)(0,1177)(0,439)(8102,439)
  H_SPACE 8892
  .STR
   "Resolver can be configured with default domain(s)"
.TMP AT (584,2548)
 RECOLOR ON
 TEMPLATE_FLAGS <2 3 0 0>
 T_POS <584 2548 9495 7244>
 .TXT AT (562,2658)
  RECOLOR ON
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  T_PNTS (0,323)(0,0)(8138,0)(8138,2365)(0,2365)(0,323)(8138,323)
  H_SPACE 8912
  .STR
   "If \"foo.bar\" fails, then retry query as \"foo.bar.mydomain.co
 m\""
  .STR
   "\nCan save typing but adds confusion"
  .STR
   "\nMay generate extra unnecessary traffic"
  .STR
   "\nUsually best avoided"
END PICTURE
NOTES
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END NOTES

SLIDE_INFO
 SLIDE_STYLE <0 -1 1>
 LAYOUT_ID <0 1 2 3 3>
END SLIDE_INFO
PICTURE
.TXT AT (751,4248)
 RECOLOR ON
 BACKFILL <39 39 5 1000 0 0 0>
 THICKNESS 0
 PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 38 0 111>
 FONT 5 BOLD ON HOR_JUST LEFT
 TXTXYOFF <0 0>
 PNTS (0,0)(9250,0)(9250,1253)(0,1253)(0,0)
 H_SPACE 0
 .STR
  "search tiscali.co.uk\nnameserver 212.74.112.66\nnameserver 212.
 74.112.67"
.TXT AT (1853,6250)
 RECOLOR ON
 BACKFILL <7 39 5 1000 0 0 0>
 FONT 2 BOLD OFF HOR_JUST CENTER MARGINS <0 0 0 0>
 TXTXYOFF <-1 242>
 T_PNTS (0,242)(0,0)(6139,0)(6139,315)(0,315)(0,242)(6139,242)
 .STR
  "That's all you need to configure a resolver"
.TMP AT (584,584)
 RECOLOR ON
 TEMPLATE_FLAGS <1 1 0 0>
 T_POS <584 584 9475 2254>
 .TXT AT (1722,744)
  RECOLOR ON
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  BACKFILL <40 40 5 1000 0 0 0>
  THICKNESS 1
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  V_SPACE <0 611 0>
  SIZE 440000 BOLD ON L_SPACE 611
  TXTXYOFF <-129 437>
  T_PNTS (0,437)(0,0)(6853,0)(6853,1180)(0,1180)(0,437)(6853,437)
  H_SPACE 8892
  .STR
   "Example: Unix resolver configuration"
.TMP AT (584,2548)
 RECOLOR ON
 TEMPLATE_FLAGS <1 2 0 0>
 T_POS <584 2548 9495 7244>
 .TXT AT (2786,2698)
  RECOLOR ON
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  TXTXYOFF <11 449>
  T_PNTS (0,449)(0,0)(4466,0)(4466,506)(0,506)(0,449)(4466,449)
  H_SPACE 8912
  .STR
   "/etc/resolv.conf"
END PICTURE
NOTES
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 END .GRP
END NOTES

SLIDE_INFO
 SLIDE_STYLE <0 -1 1>
 LAYOUT_ID <1 2 12 12 12>
END SLIDE_INFO
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.TMP AT (584,584)
 RECOLOR ON
 TEMPLATE_FLAGS <1 0 0 0>
 T_POS <584 584 9475 2254>
 .TXT AT (3232,732)
  RECOLOR ON
  TEMPLATED ON
  BACKFILL <40 40 5 1000 0 0 0>
  V_SPACE <0 611 0>
  SIZE 440000 BOLD ON L_SPACE 611 MARGINS <0 0 0 0>
  TXTXYOFF <-4 449>
  T_PNTS (0,449)(0,0)(3587,0)(3587,581)(0,581)(0,449)(3587,449)
  H_SPACE 8892
  .STR
   "Testing DNS"
.TMP AT (584,2548)
 RECOLOR ON
 TEMPLATE_FLAGS <2 3 0 0>
 T_POS <584 2548 9495 7244>
 .TXT AT (562,2663)
  RECOLOR ON
  TEMPLATED ON
  BACKFILL <39 39 5 1000 0 0 0>
  PARA <-500 500 -500 2 1000 39 1 228>
  V_SPACE <56 444 0>
  SIZE 320000 BOLD OFF HOR_JUST LEFT L_SPACE 444
  TXTXYOFF <11 318>
  T_PNTS (0,318)(0,0)(7627,0)(7627,1360)(0,1360)(0,318)(7627,318)
  H_SPACE 8912
  .STR
   "Just put \"www.yahoo.com\" in a web browser?"
  .STR
   "\nWhy is this not a good test?"
END PICTURE
NOTES
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  SIZE 240000 HOR_JUST CENTER L_SPACE 333 MARGINS <166 166 333 83>
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   RECOLOR ON
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   .VOID
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END NOTES

SLIDE_INFO
 SLIDE_STYLE <0 -1 1>
 LAYOUT_ID <1 2 12 12 12>
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PICTURE
.TXT AT (751,4002)
 RECOLOR ON
 BACKFILL <39 39 5 1000 0 0 0>
 THICKNESS 0
 PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 38 0 111>
 FONT 5 BOLD ON HOR_JUST LEFT
 TXTXYOFF <0 0>
 PNTS (0,0)(9250,0)(9250,3248)(0,3248)(0,0)
 H_SPACE 0
 .STR
  "dig tiscali.co.uk.\n"
 .STR
  BOLD OFF
  "  -- defaults to query type \"A\"\n"
 .STR
  BOLD ON
  "\ndig tiscali.co.uk. mx\n"
 .STR
  BOLD OFF
  "  -- specified query type\n"
 .STR
  BOLD ON
  "\ndig @212.74.112.66 tiscali.co.uk. mx\n"
 .STR
  BOLD OFF
  "  -- send to particular cache (overrides\n     /etc/resolv.conf
 )"
.TMP AT (584,584)
 RECOLOR ON
 TEMPLATE_FLAGS <1 0 0 0>
 T_POS <584 584 9475 2254>
 .TXT AT (1733,732)
  RECOLOR ON
  TEMPLATED ON
  BACKFILL <40 40 5 1000 0 0 0>
  THICKNESS 1
  PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 1 0 111>
  V_SPACE <0 611 0>
  FONT 2 SIZE 440000 BOLD ON HOR_JUST CENTER L_SPACE 611 MARGINS <0 0 0 0>
  TXTXYOFF <-4 449>
  T_PNTS (0,449)(0,0)(6585,0)(6585,581)(0,581)(0,449)(6585,449)
  H_SPACE 8892
  .STR
   "Testing DNS with \"dig\""
.TMP AT (584,2548)
 RECOLOR ON
 TEMPLATE_FLAGS <2 3 0 0>
 T_POS <584 2548 9495 7244>
 .TXT AT (736,1921)
  RECOLOR ON
  TEMPLATED ON
  BACKFILL <39 39 5 1000 0 0 0>
  PARA <-500 500 -500 2 1000 39 1 228>
  V_SPACE <56 444 0>
  SIZE 320000 BOLD OFF HOR_JUST LEFT L_SPACE 444
  TXTXYOFF <11 318>
  T_PNTS (0,318)(0,0)(8391,0)(8391,1713)(0,1713)(0,318)(8391,318)
  H_SPACE 8912
  .STR
   "\"dig\" is a program which just makes DNS queries and displays 
 the results"
  .STR
   "\nBetter than \"nslookup\", \"host\" because it shows the raw i
 nformation in full"
END PICTURE
NOTES
 .GRP
  BACKFILL <38 44 5 1000 0 0 0>
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  SIZE 240000 HOR_JUST CENTER L_SPACE 333 MARGINS <166 166 333 83>
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   .VOID
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   RECOLOR ON
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  " \n; <<>> DiG 8.3 <<>> @81.199.110.100 www.gouv.bj a  \n; (1 se
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 ot answer:  \n;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id
 : 4  \n;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 2, AUTHORITY: 4,
  ADD'L: 3 \n;; QUERY SECTION:  \n;;      www.gouv.bj, type = A, 
 class = IN  \n\n;; ANSWER SECTION:  \nwww.gouv.bj.            1D
  IN CNAME     waib.gouv.bj.  \nwaib.gouv.bj.           1D IN A  
        208.164.179.196  \n\n;; AUTHORITY SECTION:  \ngouv.bj.   
              1D IN NS        rip.psg.com.  \ngouv.bj.           
      1D IN NS        ben02.gouv.bj.  \ngouv.bj.                1
 D IN NS        nakayo.leland.bj.  \ngouv.bj.                1D I
 N NS        ns1.intnet.bj.  \n\n;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:  \nben02.
 gouv.bj.          1D IN A         208.164.179.193  \nnakayo.lela
 nd.bj.       1d23h59m59s IN A  208.164.176.1  \nns1.intnet.bj.  
         1d23h59m59s IN A  81.91.225.18  \n\n;; Total query time:
  2084 msec  \n;; FROM: ns.t1.ws.afnog.org to SERVER: 81.199.110.
 100\n;; WHEN: Sun Jun  8 21:18:18 2003  \n;; MSG SIZE  sent: 29 
  rcvd: 221  \n"
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