*BEGIN GRAPHICS VERSION=442/420 ENCODING=7BIT ** "Creator" brian ** "Creation Date" Sat Jul 11 21:03:31 1998 ** "Revisor" brian ** "Last Modified" Sat Jan 1 14:10:00 2005 COLORMAP <"Transparent" 0 0 0 0 0 1> <"Black" 0 0 0 0 255 0> <"White" 0 0 0 0 0 0> <"Grey 95" 0 0 0 0 13 0> <"Grey 87" 0 0 0 0 33 0> <"Grey 75" 0 0 0 0 64 0> <"Grey 50" 0 0 0 0 128 0> <"Red" 0 0 255 255 0 0> <"Red 95" 0 13 255 255 0 0> <"Red 87" 0 33 255 255 0 0> <"Red 75" 0 64 255 255 0 0> <"Red 50" 0 128 255 255 0 0> <"Green" 0 255 0 255 0 0> <"Green 95" 0 255 13 255 0 0> <"Green 87" 0 255 33 255 0 0> <"Green 75" 0 255 64 255 0 0> <"Green 50" 0 255 128 255 0 0> <"Blue" 0 255 255 0 0 0> <"Blue 95" 0 255 255 13 0 0> <"Blue 87" 0 255 255 33 0 0> <"Blue 75" 0 255 255 64 0 0> <"Blue 50" 0 255 255 128 0 0> <"Yellow" 0 0 0 255 0 0> <"Yellow 95" 0 0 0 255 13 0> <"Yellow 87" 0 0 0 255 33 0> <"Yellow 75" 0 0 0 255 64 0> <"Yellow 50" 0 0 0 255 128 0> <"Magenta" 0 0 255 0 0 0> <"Magenta 95" 0 0 255 0 13 0> <"Magenta 87" 0 0 255 0 33 0> <"Magenta 75" 0 0 255 0 64 0> <"Magenta 50" 0 0 255 0 128 0> <"Cyan" 0 255 0 0 0 0> <"Cyan 95" 0 255 0 0 13 0> <"Cyan 87" 0 255 0 0 33 0> <"Cyan 75" 0 255 0 0 64 0> <"Cyan 50" 0 255 0 0 128 0> <"Tan" 0 0 57 131 0 0> <"Clay" 0 0 74 74 57 0> <"Brown" 0 30 100 220 30 0> <"Dark Brown" 0 60 135 190 65 0> <"Olive" 0 90 65 190 65 0> <"Light Orange" 0 0 33 255 0 0> <"Orange" 0 0 90 255 0 0> <"Dark Orange" 0 0 132 255 0 0> <"Light Purple" 0 31 153 0 0 0> <"Purple" 0 80 208 0 15 0> <"Dark Purple" 0 25 126 0 44 0> <"Color0" 0 181 0 181 61 0> <"Color0+" 0 255 20 0 0 0> <"Color0++" 0 0 20 255 0 0> <"Color0+++" 0 0 17 255 0 0> END COLORMAP FONT "Times" "Swiss" "Morewingbats" "Dutch" "Zapf Dingbats" "Palatino" "Courier" END FONT SESSION WIN_SIZE <7498 5498> STICKY ON AUTOGRID ON VIEW <0 0 0 1 1 0> PAGEWID 11692 PAGEHYT 8267 PRINTWID 11692 PRINTHYT 8267 PRINTLAND ON PRINTGUIDES <354 1050> HPAGEWID 8267 HPAGEHYT 11692 HPRINTWID 8267 HPRINTHYT 11692 SLIDE_STYLE <0 -1 1> BACKFILL <20 0 5 1000 0 0 0> LINEFILL <21 21 5 1000 0 0 0> SHADOW <11 0 15 15> FONT 1 REZ <1 641 641 -503 -656> END SESSION SLIDE_MASTER S_EXT1 <103 84 9891 1922> S_EXT2 <103 2089 9891 7369> T_ATTR0 BACKFILL <7 7 0 0 0 0 0> V_SPACE <0 611 0> SIZE 440000 BOLD ON HOR_JUST CENTER L_SPACE 611 MARGINS <0 0 0 0> END T_ATTR0 T_ATTR1 END T_ATTR1 S_ATTR0 BACKFILL <20 20 0 19 0 0 0> PARA <-500 500 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <56 444 0> SIZE 320000 BOLD OFF HOR_JUST LEFT L_SPACE 444 END S_ATTR0 S_ATTR1 END S_ATTR1 S_ATTR2 PARA <-500 1000 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <28 389 0> SIZE 280000 END S_ATTR2 S_ATTR3 PARA <-500 1500 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <28 333 0> SIZE 240000 END S_ATTR3 S_ATTR4 PARA <-500 2000 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <28 306 0> SIZE 220000 END S_ATTR4 S_ATTR5 PARA <-500 2500 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> ITALICS ON END S_ATTR5 SLIDE_INFO SLIDE_STYLE <0 0 1> PAGE_BACKGD <0 0 1 17> C_SCHEME <7 7 20 20 21 21 34 2 23 27 44 12 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 42> END SLIDE_INFO .GRP BACKFILL <1 0 0 0 0 0 0> LINEFILL <1 2 5 1000 0 0 0> SHADOW <6 0 15 15> PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 1 0 111> V_SPACE <250 250 0> FONT 0 SIZE 180000 ITALICS OFF L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> END .GRP END SLIDE_MASTER HANDOUT_MASTER SLIDE_INFO SLIDE_STYLE <0 -1 1> END SLIDE_INFO .GRP .LINE AT (3620,0) BACKFILL <1 1 0 0 0 0 0> V_SPACE <28 250 0> FONT 3 MARGINS <0 0 0 0> PNTS (0,0)(0,3000) .LINE AT (3620,4000) PNTS (0,0)(0,2500) .LINE AT (3620,7500) PNTS (0,0)(0,3250) .LINE AT (0,3500) PNTS (0,0)(3250,0) .LINE AT (3999,3502) PNTS (0,0)(3250,0) .LINE AT (2,6999) PNTS (0,0)(3250,0) .LINE AT (4001,7001) PNTS (0,0)(3250,0) END .GRP END HANDOUT_MASTER OUTLINE_MASTER SLIDE_INFO SLIDE_STYLE <0 -1 1> END SLIDE_INFO .GRP BACKFILL <1 0 0 0 0 0 0> V_SPACE <250 250 0> FONT 0 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> END .GRP END OUTLINE_MASTER NOTES_MASTER N_EXT1 <250 250 7249 4875> N_EXT2 <250 5125 7249 9749> N_ATTR0 BACKFILL <1 1 0 0 0 0 0> V_SPACE <28 250 0> FONT 3 MARGINS <0 0 0 0> END N_ATTR0 N_ATTR1 END N_ATTR1 N_ATTR2 PARA <0 500 0 0 1000 1 0 111> END N_ATTR2 N_ATTR3 PARA <0 1000 0 0 1000 1 0 111> END N_ATTR3 N_ATTR4 PARA <0 1500 0 0 1000 1 0 111> END N_ATTR4 N_ATTR5 PARA <0 2000 0 0 1000 1 0 111> END N_ATTR5 SLIDE_INFO SLIDE_STYLE <0 -1 1> END SLIDE_INFO .GRP BACKFILL <1 0 0 0 0 0 0> PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 1 0 111> V_SPACE <250 250 0> FONT 0 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> END .GRP END NOTES_MASTER SLIDE_INFO SLIDE_STYLE <1 -1 1> LAYOUT_ID <0 1 2 3 3> END SLIDE_INFO PICTURE .TMP AT (103,84) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <1 1 0 0> T_POS <103 84 9891 1922> .TXT AT (4252,317) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATED ON BACKFILL <7 7 0 0 0 0 0> LINEFILL <21 21 5 1000 0 0 0> SHADOW <11 0 15 15> V_SPACE <0 250 0> FONT 1 BOLD ON HOR_JUST CENTER MARGINS <0 0 0 0> TXTXYOFF <-19 184> T_PNTS (0,184)(0,0)(1612,0)(1612,440)(0,440)(0,184)(1612,184) H_SPACE 9789 .STR L_SPACE 611 "Brian Candler\nNSRC" .TMP AT (103,2089) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <1 2 0 0> T_POS <103 2089 9891 7369> .TXT AT (2685,2201) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATED ON V_SPACE <0 611 0> SIZE 440000 TXTXYOFF <0 438> T_PNTS (0,438)(0,0)(4526,0)(4526,1181)(0,1181)(0,438)(4526,438) .STR "Introduction to\nInternetworking" END PICTURE NOTES .GRP BACKFILL <1 0 0 0 0 0 0> LINEFILL <1 2 5 1000 0 0 0> SHADOW <6 0 15 15> V_SPACE <0 250 0> FONT 0 SIZE 180000 BOLD OFF HOR_JUST LEFT L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> .TMP AT (250,250) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <5 14 0 0> T_POS <250 250 7249 4875> .VOID .TMP AT (250,5125) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <6 15 0 0> T_POS <250 5125 7249 9749> .VOID END .GRP END NOTES SLIDE_INFO SLIDE_STYLE <0 -1 1> LAYOUT_ID <0 1 2 3 3> END SLIDE_INFO PICTURE .LINE AT (2750,6425) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <34 2 5 1000 0 0 0> LINEFILL <21 21 5 1000 0 0 0> SHADOW <11 0 15 15> THICKNESS 56 L_ARROW 1 R_ARROW 1 PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 34 0 111> FONT 1 PNTS (0,0)(4749,0) .LINE AT (8499,2001) RECOLOR ON THICKNESS 42 L_ARROW 0 R_ARROW 0 PNTS (0,0)(0,4500) .LINE AT (1750,2000) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(0,4500) .POL AT (750,1691) RECOLOR ON THICKNESS 1 PNTS (0,0)(1999,0)(1999,500)(0,500)(0,0) .TXT AT (749,1751) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <20 20 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 0 TXTXYOFF <0 0> PNTS (0,1)(2001,0)(2001,500)(0,500)(0,1) H_SPACE 0 .STR "7. Application" .POL AT (751,2379) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <34 2 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 1 PNTS (0,0)(1999,0)(1999,500)(0,500)(0,0) .TXT AT (750,2439) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <20 20 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 0 PNTS (0,1)(2001,0)(2001,500)(0,500)(0,1) .STR "6. Presentation" .POL AT (751,3130) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <34 2 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 1 PNTS (0,0)(1999,0)(1999,500)(0,500)(0,0) .TXT AT (750,3190) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <20 20 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 0 PNTS (0,1)(2001,0)(2001,500)(0,500)(0,1) .STR "5. Session" .POL AT (751,3879) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <34 2 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 1 PNTS (0,0)(1999,0)(1999,500)(0,500)(0,0) .TXT AT (750,3939) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <20 20 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 0 PNTS (0,1)(2001,0)(2001,500)(0,500)(0,1) .STR "4. Transport" .POL AT (751,4630) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <34 2 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 1 PNTS (0,0)(1999,0)(1999,500)(0,500)(0,0) .TXT AT (750,4690) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <20 20 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 0 PNTS (0,1)(2001,0)(2001,500)(0,500)(0,1) .STR "3. Network" .POL AT (751,5379) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <34 2 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 1 PNTS (0,0)(1999,0)(1999,500)(0,500)(0,0) .TXT AT (750,5439) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <20 20 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 0 PNTS (0,1)(2001,0)(2001,500)(0,500)(0,1) .STR "2. Link" .POL AT (751,6130) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <34 2 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 1 PNTS (0,0)(1999,0)(1999,500)(0,500)(0,0) .TXT AT (750,6190) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <20 20 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 0 PNTS (0,1)(2001,0)(2001,500)(0,500)(0,1) .STR "1. Physical" .POL AT (7499,1691) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <34 2 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 1 PNTS (0,0)(1999,0)(1999,500)(0,500)(0,0) .TXT AT (7498,1751) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <20 20 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 0 PNTS (0,1)(2001,0)(2001,500)(0,500)(0,1) .STR "7. Application" .POL AT (7500,2379) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <34 2 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 1 PNTS (0,0)(1999,0)(1999,500)(0,500)(0,0) .TXT AT (7499,2439) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <20 20 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 0 PNTS (0,1)(2001,0)(2001,500)(0,500)(0,1) .STR "6. Presentation" .POL AT (7500,3130) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <34 2 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 1 PNTS (0,0)(1999,0)(1999,500)(0,500)(0,0) .TXT AT (7499,3190) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <20 20 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 0 PNTS (0,1)(2001,0)(2001,500)(0,500)(0,1) .STR "5. Session" .POL AT (7500,3879) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <34 2 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 1 PNTS (0,0)(1999,0)(1999,500)(0,500)(0,0) .TXT AT (7499,3939) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <20 20 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 0 PNTS (0,1)(2001,0)(2001,500)(0,500)(0,1) .STR "4. Transport" .POL AT (7500,4630) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <34 2 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 1 PNTS (0,0)(1999,0)(1999,500)(0,500)(0,0) .TXT AT (7499,4690) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <20 20 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 0 PNTS (0,1)(2001,0)(2001,500)(0,500)(0,1) .STR "3. Network" .POL AT (7500,5379) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <34 2 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 1 PNTS (0,0)(1999,0)(1999,500)(0,500)(0,0) .TXT AT (7499,5439) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <20 20 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 0 PNTS (0,1)(2001,0)(2001,500)(0,500)(0,1) .STR "2. Link" .POL AT (7500,6130) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <34 2 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 1 PNTS (0,0)(1999,0)(1999,500)(0,500)(0,0) .TXT AT (7499,6190) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <20 20 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 0 PNTS (0,1)(2001,0)(2001,500)(0,500)(0,1) .STR "1. Physical" .TMP AT (103,84) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <1 1 0 0> T_POS <103 84 9891 1922> .TXT AT (273,203) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATED ON BACKFILL <7 7 0 0 0 0 0> THICKNESS 1 PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 1 0 111> V_SPACE <0 611 0> SIZE 440000 BOLD ON HOR_JUST CENTER L_SPACE 611 MARGINS <0 0 0 0> TXTXYOFF <0 447> T_PNTS (0,447)(0,0)(9330,0)(9330,1190)(0,1190)(0,447)(9330,447) H_SPACE 9789 .STR "The OSI model\n(Open Systems Interconnection)" END PICTURE NOTES .GRP BACKFILL <0 0 5 1000 0 0 0> V_SPACE <0 250 0> SIZE 180000 BOLD OFF HOR_JUST LEFT L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> .TMP AT (250,250) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <5 14 0 0> T_POS <250 250 7249 4875> .VOID .TMP AT (250,5125) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <6 15 0 0> T_POS <250 5125 7249 9749> .VOID END .GRP END NOTES SLIDE_INFO SLIDE_STYLE <0 -1 1> LAYOUT_ID <1 2 12 12 12> END SLIDE_INFO PICTURE .TMP AT (103,84) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <1 0 0 0> T_POS <103 84 9891 1922> .TXT AT (2840,203) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATED ON BACKFILL <7 7 0 0 0 0 0> V_SPACE <0 611 0> SIZE 440000 BOLD ON HOR_JUST CENTER L_SPACE 611 MARGINS <0 0 0 0> TXTXYOFF <-6 447> T_PNTS (0,447)(0,0)(4213,0)(4213,460)(0,460)(0,447)(4213,447) .STR "The OSI model" .TMP AT (103,2089) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <2 3 0 0> T_POS <103 2089 9891 7369> .TXT AT (41,2160) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATED ON BACKFILL <20 20 0 19 0 0 0> PARA <-500 500 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <56 444 0> SIZE 320000 BOLD OFF HOR_JUST LEFT L_SPACE 444 TXTXYOFF <10 322> T_PNTS (0,322)(0,0)(9135,0)(9135,2216)(0,2216)(0,322)(9135,322) .STR "A generic model, not a specific protocol like TCP/IP or X25" .STR "\nBreaks down networking into simpler parts" .STR "\nHelps us understand, discuss and compare networks" END PICTURE NOTES .GRP BACKFILL <0 0 5 1000 0 0 0> PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 1 0 111> V_SPACE <0 250 0> SIZE 180000 L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> .TMP AT (250,250) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <5 14 0 0> T_POS <250 250 7249 4875> .VOID .TMP AT (250,5125) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <6 15 0 0> T_POS <250 5125 7249 9749> .VOID END .GRP END NOTES SLIDE_INFO SLIDE_STYLE <0 -1 1> LAYOUT_ID <1 2 12 12 12> END SLIDE_INFO PICTURE .POL AT (1500,4750) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <34 2 0 0 0 0 0> PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 34 0 111> PNTS (0,250)(0,0)(250,0)(250,250)(750,250)(750,0)(1000,0)(1000,250) (1250,250)(1250,0)(2000,0)(2000,250)(2250,250)(2250,0)(2500,0) (2500,250)(3000,250)(3000,0)(4000,0)(4000,250)(4250,250)(4250,0) (4500,0) .TXT AT (1529,5033) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <20 20 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 0 MARGINS <0 0 0 0> TXTXYOFF <-24 174> T_PNTS (0,174)(0,0)(64,0)(64,175)(0,175)(0,174)(64,174) H_SPACE 0 .STR "1" .TXT AT (2280,5028) RECOLOR ON FLD_XYSCALE <10000 9886> TXTXYOFF <-24 173> T_PNTS (0,173)(0,0)(64,0)(64,174)(0,174)(0,173)(64,173) .STR FLD_XYSCALE <10000 10000> "1" .TXT AT (2791,5019) RECOLOR ON FLD_XYSCALE <10000 9829> TXTXYOFF <-24 171> T_PNTS (0,171)(0,0)(64,0)(64,172)(0,172)(0,171)(64,171) .STR FLD_XYSCALE <10000 10000> "1" .TXT AT (3043,5019) RECOLOR ON FLD_XYSCALE <10000 9829> T_PNTS (0,171)(0,0)(64,0)(64,172)(0,172)(0,171)(64,171) .STR FLD_XYSCALE <10000 10000> "1" .TXT AT (3289,5031) RECOLOR ON FLD_XYSCALE <10000 9772> TXTXYOFF <-24 170> T_PNTS (0,170)(0,0)(64,0)(64,171)(0,171)(0,170)(64,170) .STR FLD_XYSCALE <10000 10000> "1" .TXT AT (3804,5017) RECOLOR ON FLD_XYSCALE <10000 9715> T_PNTS (0,170)(0,0)(64,0)(64,171)(0,171)(0,170)(64,170) .STR FLD_XYSCALE <10000 10000> "1" .TXT AT (4548,5030) RECOLOR ON FLD_XYSCALE <10000 9658> TXTXYOFF <-24 168> T_PNTS (0,168)(0,0)(64,0)(64,169)(0,169)(0,168)(64,168) .STR FLD_XYSCALE <10000 10000> "1" .TXT AT (4801,5020) RECOLOR ON FLD_XYSCALE <10000 9601> T_PNTS (0,168)(0,0)(64,0)(64,169)(0,169)(0,168)(64,168) .STR FLD_XYSCALE <10000 10000> "1" .TXT AT (5049,5020) RECOLOR ON FLD_XYSCALE <10000 9601> T_PNTS (0,168)(0,0)(64,0)(64,169)(0,169)(0,168)(64,168) .STR FLD_XYSCALE <10000 10000> "1" .TXT AT (5295,5016) RECOLOR ON FLD_XYSCALE <10000 9544> TXTXYOFF <-24 166> T_PNTS (0,166)(0,0)(64,0)(64,167)(0,167)(0,166)(64,166) .STR FLD_XYSCALE <10000 10000> "1" .TXT AT (5795,5020) RECOLOR ON FLD_XYSCALE <10000 9487> TXTXYOFF <-24 165> T_PNTS (0,165)(0,0)(64,0)(64,166)(0,166)(0,165)(64,165) .STR FLD_XYSCALE <10000 10000> "1" .TXT AT (1783,5027) RECOLOR ON TXTXYOFF <-9 174> T_PNTS (0,174)(0,0)(119,0)(119,179)(0,179)(0,174)(119,174) .STR "0" .TXT AT (2031,5021) RECOLOR ON T_PNTS (0,174)(0,0)(119,0)(119,179)(0,179)(0,174)(119,174) .STR "0" .TXT AT (2530,5021) RECOLOR ON T_PNTS (0,174)(0,0)(119,0)(119,179)(0,179)(0,174)(119,174) .STR "0" .TXT AT (3527,5018) RECOLOR ON T_PNTS (0,174)(0,0)(119,0)(119,179)(0,179)(0,174)(119,174) .STR "0" .TXT AT (4024,5018) RECOLOR ON T_PNTS (0,174)(0,0)(119,0)(119,179)(0,179)(0,174)(119,174) .STR "0" .TXT AT (4271,5018) RECOLOR ON T_PNTS (0,174)(0,0)(119,0)(119,179)(0,179)(0,174)(119,174) .STR "0" .TXT AT (5547,5018) RECOLOR ON T_PNTS (0,174)(0,0)(119,0)(119,179)(0,179)(0,174)(119,174) .STR "0" .TXT AT (102,5882) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <20 20 0 19 0 0 0> THICKNESS 1 PARA <-500 500 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <56 444 0> SIZE 320000 L_SPACE 444 TXTXYOFF <10 322> T_PNTS (0,322)(0,0)(6401,0)(6401,419)(0,419)(0,322)(6401,322) H_SPACE 9789 .STR "No concept of bytes or frames" .TMP AT (103,84) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <1 0 0 0> T_POS <103 84 9891 1922> .TXT AT (1535,212) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATED ON BACKFILL <7 7 0 0 0 0 0> PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 1 0 111> V_SPACE <0 611 0> SIZE 440000 BOLD ON HOR_JUST CENTER L_SPACE 611 TXTXYOFF <-48 438> T_PNTS (0,438)(0,0)(6882,0)(6882,570)(0,570)(0,438)(6882,438) .STR "Layer 1 - Physical Layer" .TMP AT (103,2089) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <2 3 0 0> T_POS <103 2089 9891 7369> .TXT AT (41,2160) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATED ON BACKFILL <20 20 0 19 0 0 0> PARA <-500 500 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <56 444 0> SIZE 320000 BOLD OFF HOR_JUST LEFT L_SPACE 444 TXTXYOFF <10 322> T_PNTS (0,322)(0,0)(9187,0)(9187,1803)(0,1803)(0,322)(9187,322) .STR "Transfers stream of " .STR ITALICS ON "bits" .STR ITALICS OFF " from A to B" .STR "\nDefines connectors, type of cable, maximum length, topology, voltages for 0 and 1, speed (bits per second)" END PICTURE NOTES .GRP BACKFILL <0 0 5 1000 0 0 0> PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 1 0 111> V_SPACE <0 250 0> SIZE 180000 L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> .TMP AT (250,250) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <5 14 0 0> T_POS <250 250 7249 4875> .VOID .TMP AT (250,5125) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <6 15 0 0> T_POS <250 5125 7249 9749> .VOID END .GRP END NOTES SLIDE_INFO SLIDE_STYLE <0 -1 1> LAYOUT_ID <1 2 12 12 12> END SLIDE_INFO PICTURE .TXT AT (80,5778) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <20 20 0 19 0 0 0> PARA <-500 500 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <56 444 0> SIZE 320000 L_SPACE 444 MARGINS <0 0 0 0> TXTXYOFF <10 326> T_PNTS (0,326)(0,0)(9103,0)(9103,1339)(0,1339)(0,326)(9103,326) .STR "Some layer 2's detect corrupted frames\nSome layer 2's retransm it corrupted frames " .STR SIZE 240000 "(but " .STR ITALICS ON "not" .STR ITALICS OFF " ethernet)" .RECT AT (999,4750) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <34 2 5 1000 0 0 0> PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 34 0 111> V_SPACE <0 250 0> SIZE 180000 L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> PNTS (0,0)(500,0)(500,500)(0,500)(0,0) .RECT AT (2498,4750) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(500,0)(500,500)(0,500)(0,0) .RECT AT (3997,4750) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(500,0)(500,500)(0,500)(0,0) .RECT AT (5499,4750) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(500,0)(500,500)(0,500)(0,0) .RECT AT (6995,4750) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(500,0)(500,500)(0,500)(0,0) .RECT AT (8494,4750) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(500,0)(500,500)(0,500)(0,0) .LINE AT (1250,4250) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,500)(0,0) .LINE AT (2749,4250) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,499)(0,0) .LINE AT (4248,4250) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,499)(0,0) .LINE AT (5747,4249) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,498)(0,0) .LINE AT (7246,4249) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,498)(0,0) .LINE AT (8745,4248) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,497)(0,0) .LINE AT (1250,4250) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(7500,0) .ELL AT (2502,4500) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <34 2 0 0 0 0 0> THICKNESS 56 R_ARROW 1 START_ANGLE 3079 END_ANGLE 3954 PNTS (0,0)(3998,0)(3998,1500)(0,1500)(0,0) .TMP AT (103,84) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <1 0 0 0> T_POS <103 84 9891 1922> .TXT AT (2159,212) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATED ON BACKFILL <7 7 0 0 0 0 0> THICKNESS 1 R_ARROW 0 PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 1 0 111> V_SPACE <0 611 0> SIZE 440000 BOLD ON HOR_JUST CENTER L_SPACE 611 MARGINS <0 0 0 0> TXTXYOFF <-48 438> T_PNTS (0,438)(0,0)(5662,0)(5662,570)(0,570)(0,438)(5662,438) .STR "Layer 2 - Link Layer" .TMP AT (103,2089) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <2 3 0 0> T_POS <103 2089 9891 7369> .TXT AT (41,2156) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATED ON BACKFILL <20 20 0 19 0 0 0> PARA <-500 500 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <56 444 0> SIZE 320000 BOLD OFF HOR_JUST LEFT L_SPACE 444 TXTXYOFF <10 326> T_PNTS (0,326)(0,0)(8968,0)(8968,1777)(0,1777)(0,326)(8968,326) .STR "Organise bits into bytes and frames" .STR PARA <-500 1000 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <28 389 0> SIZE 280000 "\n\tSpecial bit patterns as delimiters" .STR PARA <-500 500 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <56 444 0> SIZE 320000 "\nAddress frames to a specific machine on a shared (broadcast) medium" END PICTURE NOTES .GRP BACKFILL <0 0 5 1000 0 0 0> PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 1 0 111> V_SPACE <0 250 0> SIZE 180000 L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> .TMP AT (250,250) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <5 14 0 0> T_POS <250 250 7249 4875> .VOID .TMP AT (250,5125) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <6 15 0 0> T_POS <250 5125 7249 9749> .VOID END .GRP END NOTES SLIDE_INFO SLIDE_STYLE <0 -1 1> LAYOUT_ID <1 2 12 12 12> END SLIDE_INFO PICTURE .LINE AT (4748,6249) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <11 2 5 1000 0 0 0> LINEFILL <7 21 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 139 STYLE 1 PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 34 0 111> PNTS (0,0)(1752,0) .LINE AT (1105,5751) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <34 2 5 1000 0 0 0> LINEFILL <34 21 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 56 STYLE 0 PNTS (0,0)(1499,0) .LINE AT (1105,5750) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(0,250) .LINE AT (1603,5751) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(0,250) .LINE AT (2104,5751) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(0,250) .LINE AT (2604,5751) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(0,250) .RECT AT (1001,6000) RECOLOR ON LINEFILL <21 21 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 1 PNTS (0,0)(250,0)(250,250)(0,250)(0,0) .RECT AT (1499,6001) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(250,0)(250,250)(0,250)(0,0) .RECT AT (1999,6001) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(250,0)(250,250)(0,250)(0,0) .RECT AT (2501,6002) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(500,0)(500,499)(0,499)(0,0) .LINE AT (2857,5751) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <11 2 5 1000 0 0 0> LINEFILL <11 21 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 56 PNTS (0,0)(1499,0) .LINE AT (2857,5750) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(0,250) .LINE AT (3355,5751) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(0,250) .LINE AT (3856,5751) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(0,250) .LINE AT (4356,5751) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(0,250) .RECT AT (3251,6001) RECOLOR ON LINEFILL <21 21 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 1 PNTS (0,0)(250,0)(250,250)(0,250)(0,0) .RECT AT (3751,6001) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(250,0)(250,250)(0,250)(0,0) .RECT AT (4251,6002) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(499,0)(499,499)(0,499)(0,0) .LINE AT (6854,5751) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <27 2 5 1000 0 0 0> LINEFILL <27 21 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 56 PNTS (0,0)(1499,0) .LINE AT (6854,5750) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(0,250) .LINE AT (7352,5751) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(0,250) .LINE AT (7853,5751) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(0,250) .LINE AT (8353,5751) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(0,250) .RECT AT (7248,6001) RECOLOR ON LINEFILL <21 21 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 1 PNTS (0,0)(250,0)(250,250)(0,250)(0,0) .RECT AT (7748,6001) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(250,0)(250,250)(0,250)(0,0) .RECT AT (8248,6001) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(250,0)(250,250)(0,250)(0,0) .RECT AT (6500,6002) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(499,0)(499,499)(0,499)(0,0) .ELL AT (1499,5584) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <34 2 0 0 0 0 0> THICKNESS 56 R_ARROW 1 PNTS (0,0)(1500,0)(1500,3000)(0,3000)(0,0) .ELL AT (2748,5597) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(2002,0)(2002,3000)(0,3000)(0,0) .ELL AT (4497,5748) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(2503,0)(2503,1502)(0,1502)(0,0) .ELL AT (6745,5577) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(1255,0)(1255,3000)(0,3000)(0,0) .TMP AT (103,84) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <1 0 0 0> T_POS <103 84 9891 1922> .TXT AT (1570,212) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATED ON BACKFILL <7 7 0 0 0 0 0> THICKNESS 1 R_ARROW 0 PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 1 0 111> V_SPACE <0 611 0> SIZE 440000 BOLD ON HOR_JUST CENTER L_SPACE 611 MARGINS <0 0 0 0> TXTXYOFF <-48 438> T_PNTS (0,438)(0,0)(6812,0)(6812,570)(0,570)(0,438)(6812,438) .STR "Layer 3 - Network Layer" .TMP AT (103,2089) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <2 3 0 0> T_POS <103 2089 9891 7369> .TXT AT (44,2159) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATED ON BACKFILL <20 20 0 19 0 0 0> PARA <-500 500 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <56 444 0> SIZE 320000 BOLD OFF HOR_JUST LEFT L_SPACE 444 TXTXYOFF <10 326> T_PNTS (0,326)(0,0)(8865,0)(8865,2367)(0,2367)(0,326)(8865,326) .STR "Send data through multiple hops to far distant networks" .STR "\nMove data between different Layer 2 types" .STR "\nUniform numbering scheme" .STR "\nGlobally scalable" END PICTURE NOTES .GRP BACKFILL <0 0 5 1000 0 0 0> PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 1 0 111> V_SPACE <0 250 0> SIZE 180000 L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> .TMP AT (250,250) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <5 14 0 0> T_POS <250 250 7249 4875> .VOID .TMP AT (250,5125) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <6 15 0 0> T_POS <250 5125 7249 9749> .VOID END .GRP END NOTES SLIDE_INFO SLIDE_STYLE <0 -1 1> LAYOUT_ID <1 2 12 12 12> END SLIDE_INFO PICTURE .TMP AT (103,84) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <1 0 0 0> T_POS <103 84 9891 1922> .TXT AT (1357,212) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATED ON BACKFILL <7 7 0 0 0 0 0> V_SPACE <0 611 0> SIZE 440000 BOLD ON HOR_JUST CENTER L_SPACE 611 MARGINS <0 0 0 0> TXTXYOFF <-48 438> T_PNTS (0,438)(0,0)(7250,0)(7250,570)(0,570)(0,438)(7250,438) .STR "Layer 4 - Transport Layer" .TMP AT (103,2089) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <2 3 0 0> T_POS <103 2089 9891 7369> .TXT AT (44,2160) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATED ON BACKFILL <20 20 0 19 0 0 0> PARA <-500 500 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <56 444 0> SIZE 320000 BOLD OFF HOR_JUST LEFT L_SPACE 444 TXTXYOFF <10 322> T_PNTS (0,322)(0,0)(8797,0)(8797,3101)(0,3101)(0,322)(8797,322) .STR "Breaks large streams of data into smaller chunks for layer 3 to carry" .STR "\nPerforms end-to-end error correction and flow control (if req uired)" .STR "\nIdentifies which " .STR ITALICS ON "service" .STR " " .STR ITALICS OFF "(as opposed to which " .STR ITALICS ON "machine" .STR ITALICS OFF ") you wish to communicate with" END PICTURE NOTES .GRP BACKFILL <0 0 5 1000 0 0 0> PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 1 0 111> V_SPACE <0 250 0> SIZE 180000 L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> .TMP AT (250,250) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <5 14 0 0> T_POS <250 250 7249 4875> .VOID .TMP AT (250,5125) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <6 15 0 0> T_POS <250 5125 7249 9749> .VOID END .GRP END NOTES SLIDE_INFO SLIDE_STYLE <0 -1 1> LAYOUT_ID <1 2 12 12 12> END SLIDE_INFO PICTURE .TMP AT (103,84) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <1 0 0 0> T_POS <103 84 9891 1922> .TXT AT (1606,203) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATED ON BACKFILL <7 7 0 0 0 0 0> V_SPACE <0 611 0> SIZE 440000 BOLD ON HOR_JUST CENTER L_SPACE 611 MARGINS <0 0 0 0> TXTXYOFF <-48 447> T_PNTS (0,447)(0,0)(6745,0)(6745,579)(0,579)(0,447)(6745,447) .STR "Layer 5 - Session Layer" .TMP AT (103,2089) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <2 3 0 0> T_POS <103 2089 9891 7369> .TXT AT (44,2160) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATED ON BACKFILL <20 20 0 19 0 0 0> PARA <-500 500 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <56 444 0> SIZE 320000 BOLD OFF HOR_JUST LEFT L_SPACE 444 TXTXYOFF <10 322> T_PNTS (0,322)(0,0)(8986,0)(8986,3190)(0,3190)(0,322)(8986,322) .STR "Keeps a session running even if transport layer connection has to be broken and reconnected" .STR "\nMultiplex data through multiple transport connections for hig her throughput" .STR "\n" .STR ITALICS ON "NOT USED IN TCP/IP (Application layer is responsible for these functions if required)" END PICTURE NOTES .GRP BACKFILL <0 0 5 1000 0 0 0> PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 1 0 111> V_SPACE <0 250 0> SIZE 180000 ITALICS OFF L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> .TMP AT (250,250) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <5 14 0 0> T_POS <250 250 7249 4875> .VOID .TMP AT (250,5125) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <6 15 0 0> T_POS <250 5125 7249 9749> .VOID END .GRP END NOTES SLIDE_INFO SLIDE_STYLE <0 -1 1> LAYOUT_ID <1 2 12 12 12> END SLIDE_INFO PICTURE .TMP AT (103,84) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <1 0 0 0> T_POS <103 84 9891 1922> .TXT AT (921,212) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATED ON BACKFILL <7 7 0 0 0 0 0> V_SPACE <0 611 0> SIZE 440000 BOLD ON HOR_JUST CENTER L_SPACE 611 MARGINS <0 0 0 0> TXTXYOFF <-48 438> T_PNTS (0,438)(0,0)(8098,0)(8098,570)(0,570)(0,438)(8098,438) .STR "Layer 6 - Presentation Layer" .TMP AT (103,2089) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <2 3 0 0> T_POS <103 2089 9891 7369> .TXT AT (44,2160) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATED ON BACKFILL <20 20 0 19 0 0 0> PARA <-500 500 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <56 444 0> SIZE 320000 BOLD OFF HOR_JUST LEFT L_SPACE 444 TXTXYOFF <10 322> T_PNTS (0,322)(0,0)(8986,0)(8986,1803)(0,1803)(0,322)(8986,322) .STR "Performs conversion of data formats, e.g. ASCII to EBCDIC" .STR "\n" .STR ITALICS ON "NOT USED IN TCP/IP (Application layer is responsible for this f unction, if required)" END PICTURE NOTES .GRP BACKFILL <0 0 5 1000 0 0 0> PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 1 0 111> V_SPACE <0 250 0> SIZE 180000 ITALICS OFF L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> .TMP AT (250,250) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <5 14 0 0> T_POS <250 250 7249 4875> .VOID .TMP AT (250,5125) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <6 15 0 0> T_POS <250 5125 7249 9749> .VOID END .GRP END NOTES SLIDE_INFO SLIDE_STYLE <0 -1 1> LAYOUT_ID <1 2 12 12 12> END SLIDE_INFO PICTURE .TMP AT (103,84) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <1 0 0 0> T_POS <103 84 9891 1922> .TXT AT (1116,212) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATED ON BACKFILL <7 7 0 0 0 0 0> V_SPACE <0 611 0> SIZE 440000 BOLD ON HOR_JUST CENTER L_SPACE 611 MARGINS <0 0 0 0> TXTXYOFF <-48 438> T_PNTS (0,438)(0,0)(7726,0)(7726,570)(0,570)(0,438)(7726,438) .STR "Layer 7 - Application Layer" .TMP AT (103,2089) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <2 3 0 0> T_POS <103 2089 9891 7369> .TXT AT (19,2136) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATED ON BACKFILL <20 20 0 19 0 0 0> PARA <-500 500 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <56 444 0> SIZE 320000 BOLD OFF HOR_JUST LEFT L_SPACE 444 TXTXYOFF <10 322> T_PNTS (0,322)(0,0)(9206,0)(9206,3106)(0,3106)(0,322)(9206,322) .STR "Performs the useful task we are interested in, e.g. sending mai l, transferring web pages" .STR "\nApplication-specific protocols (e.g. SMTP, HTTP) carried thro ugh the stack to the remote machine" .STR "\nApplications think they are talking directly to each other - of course we know different!" END PICTURE NOTES .GRP BACKFILL <0 0 5 1000 0 0 0> PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 1 0 111> V_SPACE <0 250 0> SIZE 180000 L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> .TMP AT (250,250) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <5 14 0 0> T_POS <250 250 7249 4875> .VOID .TMP AT (250,5125) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <6 15 0 0> T_POS <250 5125 7249 9749> .VOID END .GRP END NOTES SLIDE_INFO SLIDE_STYLE <0 -1 1> LAYOUT_ID <1 2 12 12 12> END SLIDE_INFO PICTURE .RECT AT (1000,5249) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <34 2 5 1000 0 0 0> PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 34 0 111> PNTS (0,0)(3500,0)(3500,1000)(0,1000)(0,0) .LINE AT (2750,4500) RECOLOR ON THICKNESS 42 L_ARROW 1 R_ARROW 1 PNTS (0,0)(0,749) .LINE AT (2751,6248) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(0,749) .TXT AT (3000,4680) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <20 20 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 0 L_ARROW 0 R_ARROW 0 TXTXYOFF <0 0> PNTS (0,0)(7500,0)(7500,500)(0,500)(0,0) H_SPACE 0 .STR "Higher layers - closer to what we want" .TXT AT (3002,6499) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(7500,0)(7500,500)(0,500)(0,0) .STR "Lower layers - closer to what the hardware provides" .TMP AT (103,84) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <1 0 0 0> T_POS <103 84 9891 1922> .TXT AT (1170,206) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATED ON BACKFILL <7 7 0 0 0 0 0> THICKNESS 1 PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 1 0 111> V_SPACE <0 611 0> SIZE 440000 BOLD ON HOR_JUST CENTER L_SPACE 611 MARGINS <0 0 0 0> TXTXYOFF <-39 438> T_PNTS (0,438)(0,0)(7589,0)(7589,570)(0,570)(0,438)(7589,438) H_SPACE 9789 .STR "Interaction between layers" .TMP AT (103,2089) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <2 3 0 0> T_POS <103 2089 9891 7369> .TXT AT (41,2161) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATED ON BACKFILL <20 20 0 19 0 0 0> PARA <-500 500 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <56 444 0> SIZE 320000 BOLD OFF HOR_JUST LEFT L_SPACE 444 TXTXYOFF <10 318> T_PNTS (0,318)(0,0)(9035,0)(9035,1804)(0,1804)(0,318)(9035,318) .STR "Each layer provides services to the layer directly above" .STR "\nEach layer makes use of services provided by the layer direct ly below" END PICTURE NOTES .GRP BACKFILL <0 0 5 1000 0 0 0> PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 1 0 111> V_SPACE <0 250 0> SIZE 180000 L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> .TMP AT (250,250) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <5 14 0 0> T_POS <250 250 7249 4875> .VOID .TMP AT (250,5125) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <6 15 0 0> T_POS <250 5125 7249 9749> .VOID END .GRP END NOTES SLIDE_INFO SLIDE_STYLE <0 -1 1> LAYOUT_ID <0 1 2 3 3> END SLIDE_INFO PICTURE .LINE AT (2750,6877) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <34 2 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 56 L_ARROW 1 R_ARROW 1 PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 34 0 111> PNTS (0,0)(4749,0) .LINE AT (8499,2498) RECOLOR ON THICKNESS 42 L_ARROW 0 R_ARROW 0 PNTS (0,0)(0,4500) .LINE AT (1750,2497) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(0,4500) .POL AT (750,2188) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <44 2 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 1 PNTS (0,0)(1999,0)(1999,500)(0,500)(0,0) .TXT AT (751,2248) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <20 20 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 0 TXTXYOFF <0 0> PNTS (0,1)(2001,0)(2001,500)(0,500)(0,1) H_SPACE 0 .STR "7. Application" .POL AT (751,2876) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <34 2 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 1 PNTS (0,0)(1999,0)(1999,500)(0,500)(0,0) .TXT AT (750,2936) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <20 20 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 0 PNTS (0,1)(2001,0)(2001,500)(0,500)(0,1) .STR "6. Presentation" .POL AT (751,3627) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <34 2 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 1 PNTS (0,0)(1999,0)(1999,500)(0,500)(0,0) .TXT AT (750,3687) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <20 20 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 0 PNTS (0,1)(2001,0)(2001,500)(0,500)(0,1) .STR "5. Session" .POL AT (751,4376) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <34 2 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 1 PNTS (0,0)(1999,0)(1999,500)(0,500)(0,0) .TXT AT (750,4436) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <20 20 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 0 PNTS (0,1)(2001,0)(2001,500)(0,500)(0,1) .STR "4. Transport" .POL AT (751,5127) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <34 2 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 1 PNTS (0,0)(1999,0)(1999,500)(0,500)(0,0) .TXT AT (750,5187) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <20 20 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 0 PNTS (0,1)(2001,0)(2001,500)(0,500)(0,1) .STR "3. Network" .POL AT (751,5876) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <34 2 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 1 PNTS (0,0)(1999,0)(1999,500)(0,500)(0,0) .TXT AT (750,5936) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <20 20 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 0 PNTS (0,1)(2001,0)(2001,500)(0,500)(0,1) .STR "2. Link" .POL AT (751,6627) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <34 2 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 1 PNTS (0,0)(1999,0)(1999,500)(0,500)(0,0) .TXT AT (750,6687) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <20 20 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 0 PNTS (0,1)(2001,0)(2001,500)(0,500)(0,1) .STR "1. Physical" .POL AT (7499,2188) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <44 2 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 1 PNTS (0,0)(1999,0)(1999,500)(0,500)(0,0) .TXT AT (7500,2248) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <20 20 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 0 PNTS (0,1)(2001,0)(2001,500)(0,500)(0,1) .STR "7. Application" .POL AT (7500,2876) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <34 2 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 1 PNTS (0,0)(1999,0)(1999,500)(0,500)(0,0) .TXT AT (7499,2936) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <20 20 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 0 PNTS (0,1)(2001,0)(2001,500)(0,500)(0,1) .STR "6. Presentation" .POL AT (7500,3627) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <34 2 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 1 PNTS (0,0)(1999,0)(1999,500)(0,500)(0,0) .TXT AT (7499,3687) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <20 20 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 0 PNTS (0,1)(2001,0)(2001,500)(0,500)(0,1) .STR "5. Session" .POL AT (7500,4376) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <34 2 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 1 PNTS (0,0)(1999,0)(1999,500)(0,500)(0,0) .TXT AT (7499,4436) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <20 20 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 0 PNTS (0,1)(2001,0)(2001,500)(0,500)(0,1) .STR "4. Transport" .POL AT (7500,5127) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <34 2 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 1 PNTS (0,0)(1999,0)(1999,500)(0,500)(0,0) .TXT AT (7499,5187) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <20 20 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 0 PNTS (0,1)(2001,0)(2001,500)(0,500)(0,1) .STR "3. Network" .POL AT (7500,5876) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <34 2 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 1 PNTS (0,0)(1999,0)(1999,500)(0,500)(0,0) .TXT AT (7499,5936) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <20 20 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 0 PNTS (0,1)(2001,0)(2001,500)(0,500)(0,1) .STR "2. Link" .POL AT (7500,6627) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <34 2 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 1 PNTS (0,0)(1999,0)(1999,500)(0,500)(0,0) .TXT AT (7499,6687) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <20 20 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 0 PNTS (0,1)(2001,0)(2001,500)(0,500)(0,1) .STR "1. Physical" .POL AT (751,192) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <44 2 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 1 PNTS (0,0)(1999,0)(1999,500)(0,500)(0,0) .TXT AT (750,251) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <20 20 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 0 PNTS (0,1)(2001,0)(2001,500)(0,500)(0,1) .STR "7. Application" .POL AT (7500,191) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <44 2 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 1 PNTS (0,0)(1999,0)(1999,500)(0,500)(0,0) .TXT AT (7501,251) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <20 20 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 0 PNTS (0,1)(2001,0)(2001,500)(0,500)(0,1) .STR "7. Application" .LINE AT (2751,456) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <34 2 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 56 L_ARROW 1 R_ARROW 1 PNTS (0,0)(4749,0) .LINE AT (0,1499) RECOLOR ON THICKNESS 1 STYLE 2 L_ARROW 0 R_ARROW 0 PNTS (0,0)(10750,0) .TXT AT (1658,2625) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <20 20 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 0 STYLE 0 FONT 4 MARGINS <0 0 0 0> TXTXYOFF <-9 205> T_PNTS (0,205)(0,0)(98,0)(98,237)(0,237)(0,205)(98,205) .STR "^nh" .TXT AT (1658,3358) RECOLOR ON T_PNTS (0,205)(0,0)(98,0)(98,237)(0,237)(0,205)(98,205) .STR "^nh" .TXT AT (1658,4111) RECOLOR ON T_PNTS (0,205)(0,0)(98,0)(98,237)(0,237)(0,205)(98,205) .STR "^nh" .TXT AT (1658,4860) RECOLOR ON T_PNTS (0,205)(0,0)(98,0)(98,237)(0,237)(0,205)(98,205) .STR "^nh" .TXT AT (1658,5611) RECOLOR ON T_PNTS (0,205)(0,0)(98,0)(98,237)(0,237)(0,205)(98,205) .STR "^nh" .TXT AT (1658,6358) RECOLOR ON T_PNTS (0,205)(0,0)(98,0)(98,237)(0,237)(0,205)(98,205) .STR "^nh" .TXT AT (8408,3355) RECOLOR ON T_PNTS (0,205)(0,0)(98,0)(98,237)(0,237)(0,205)(98,205) .STR "^nh" .TXT AT (8408,4108) RECOLOR ON T_PNTS (0,205)(0,0)(98,0)(98,237)(0,237)(0,205)(98,205) .STR "^nh" .TXT AT (8408,4859) RECOLOR ON T_PNTS (0,205)(0,0)(98,0)(98,237)(0,237)(0,205)(98,205) .STR "^nh" .TXT AT (8408,5608) RECOLOR ON T_PNTS (0,205)(0,0)(98,0)(98,237)(0,237)(0,205)(98,205) .STR "^nh" .TXT AT (8408,6355) RECOLOR ON T_PNTS (0,205)(0,0)(98,0)(98,237)(0,237)(0,205)(98,205) .STR "^nh" .TXT AT (8408,2618) RECOLOR ON T_PNTS (0,205)(0,0)(98,0)(98,237)(0,237)(0,205)(98,205) .STR "^nh" .TXT AT (3458,4203) RECOLOR ON V_SPACE <0 500 0> FONT 5 SIZE 360000 ITALICS ON L_SPACE 500 TXTXYOFF <-70 366> T_PNTS (0,366)(0,0)(3310,0)(3310,376)(0,376)(0,366)(3310,366) .STR L_SPACE 250 "\"Protocol Stack\"" END PICTURE NOTES .GRP BACKFILL <0 0 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 1 PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 1 0 111> V_SPACE <0 250 0> FONT 1 SIZE 180000 ITALICS OFF MARGINS <125 125 250 62> .TMP AT (250,250) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <5 14 0 0> T_POS <250 250 7249 4875> .VOID .TMP AT (250,5125) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <6 15 0 0> T_POS <250 5125 7249 9749> .VOID END .GRP END NOTES SLIDE_INFO SLIDE_STYLE <0 -1 1> LAYOUT_ID <1 2 12 12 12> END SLIDE_INFO PICTURE .TMP AT (103,84) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <1 0 0 0> T_POS <103 84 9891 1922> .TXT AT (2865,203) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATED ON BACKFILL <7 7 0 0 0 0 0> V_SPACE <0 611 0> SIZE 440000 BOLD ON HOR_JUST CENTER L_SPACE 611 MARGINS <0 0 0 0> TXTXYOFF <-6 447> T_PNTS (0,447)(0,0)(4180,0)(4180,460)(0,460)(0,447)(4180,447) H_SPACE 9789 .STR "The OSI Model" .TMP AT (103,2089) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <2 3 0 0> T_POS <103 2089 9891 7369> .TXT AT (44,2159) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATED ON BACKFILL <20 20 0 19 0 0 0> PARA <-500 500 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <56 444 0> SIZE 320000 BOLD OFF HOR_JUST LEFT L_SPACE 444 TXTXYOFF <10 326> T_PNTS (0,326)(0,0)(5742,0)(5742,922)(0,922)(0,326)(5742,326) .STR "Who has seen this before?" .STR "\nAny questions?" END PICTURE NOTES .GRP BACKFILL <0 0 5 1000 0 0 0> PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 1 0 111> V_SPACE <0 250 0> SIZE 180000 L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> .TMP AT (250,250) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <5 14 0 0> T_POS <250 250 7249 4875> .VOID .TMP AT (250,5125) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <6 15 0 0> T_POS <250 5125 7249 9749> .VOID END .GRP END NOTES SLIDE_INFO SLIDE_STYLE <0 -1 1> LAYOUT_ID <1 2 12 12 12> END SLIDE_INFO PICTURE .TMP AT (103,84) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <1 0 0 0> T_POS <103 84 9891 1922> .TXT AT (1131,216) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATED ON BACKFILL <7 7 0 0 0 0 0> V_SPACE <0 611 0> SIZE 440000 BOLD ON HOR_JUST CENTER L_SPACE 611 MARGINS <0 0 0 0> TXTXYOFF <-45 447> T_PNTS (0,447)(0,0)(7720,0)(7720,579)(0,579)(0,447)(7720,447) .STR "Examples of layer 1/layer 2" .TMP AT (103,2089) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <2 3 0 0> T_POS <103 2089 9891 7369> .TXT AT (44,1909) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATED ON BACKFILL <20 20 0 19 0 0 0> PARA <-500 500 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <56 444 0> SIZE 320000 BOLD OFF HOR_JUST LEFT L_SPACE 444 TXTXYOFF <10 318> T_PNTS (0,318)(0,0)(9248,0)(9248,5334)(0,5334)(0,318)(9248,318) .STR "Ethernet" .STR PARA <-500 1000 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <28 389 0> SIZE 280000 "\n\tLayer 1: 10baseT, 100baseTX, 1000baseTX etc" .STR "\n\tLayer 2: Media Access Control (MAC)" .STR PARA <-500 500 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <56 444 0> SIZE 320000 "\nOther local area networks" .STR PARA <-500 1000 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <28 389 0> SIZE 280000 "\n\tFDDI, Token Ring, Wireless 802.11" .STR PARA <-500 500 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <56 444 0> SIZE 320000 "\nAsynchronous serial links (e.g. PC/modem)" .STR PARA <-500 1000 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <28 389 0> SIZE 280000 "\n\tLayer 1: RS232" .STR "\n\tLayer 2: Async PPP, SLIP" .STR PARA <-500 500 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <56 444 0> SIZE 320000 "\nSynchronous serial links" .STR PARA <-500 1000 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <28 389 0> SIZE 280000 "\n\tLayer 1: RS232, X21, HSSI, POS (STM1, OC3)" .STR "\n\tLayer 2: PPP, Cisco HDLC, Frame Relay..." .STR PARA <-500 500 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <56 444 0> SIZE 320000 "\nVarious DSL technologies / ATM" END PICTURE NOTES .GRP BACKFILL <44 0 5 1000 0 0 0> PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 1 0 111> V_SPACE <0 250 0> SIZE 180000 L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> .TMP AT (250,250) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <5 14 0 0> T_POS <250 250 7249 4875> .VOID .TMP AT (250,5125) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <6 15 0 0> T_POS <250 5125 7249 9749> .VOID END .GRP END NOTES SLIDE_INFO SLIDE_STYLE <0 -1 1> LAYOUT_ID <1 2 12 12 12> END SLIDE_INFO PICTURE .TMP AT (103,84) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <1 0 0 0> T_POS <103 84 9891 1922> .TXT AT (2080,224) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATED ON BACKFILL <7 7 0 0 0 0 0> V_SPACE <0 611 0> SIZE 440000 BOLD ON HOR_JUST CENTER L_SPACE 611 MARGINS <0 0 0 0> TXTXYOFF <-43 439> T_PNTS (0,439)(0,0)(5825,0)(5825,571)(0,571)(0,439)(5825,439) .STR "Examples of Layer 3" .TMP AT (103,2089) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <2 3 0 0> T_POS <103 2089 9891 7369> .TXT AT (52,2172) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATED ON BACKFILL <20 20 0 19 0 0 0> PARA <-500 500 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <56 444 0> SIZE 320000 BOLD OFF HOR_JUST LEFT L_SPACE 444 TXTXYOFF <10 318> T_PNTS (0,318)(0,0)(9265,0)(9265,4797)(0,4797)(0,318)(9265,318) .STR "IP - the Internet Protocol" .STR "\nProvides a \"best effort\" datagram delivery service" .STR "\nMachines are identified by IP numbers, which are globally uni que" .STR PARA <-500 1000 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <28 389 0> SIZE 280000 "\n\tIP version 4: 32-bit IP numbers" .STR "\n\tIP version 6: 128-bit IP numbers" .STR "\n\tStill doubtful as to whether IPv6 will ever be widely deplo yed" .STR PARA <-500 500 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <56 444 0> SIZE 320000 "\nIPv4 is the only internetworking protocol we'll consider" END PICTURE NOTES .GRP BACKFILL <44 0 5 1000 0 0 0> PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 1 0 111> V_SPACE <0 250 0> SIZE 180000 L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> .TMP AT (250,250) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <5 14 0 0> T_POS <250 250 7249 4875> .VOID .TMP AT (250,5125) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <6 15 0 0> T_POS <250 5125 7249 9749> .VOID END .GRP END NOTES SLIDE_INFO SLIDE_STYLE <0 -1 1> LAYOUT_ID <1 2 12 12 12> END SLIDE_INFO PICTURE .TMP AT (103,84) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <1 0 0 0> T_POS <103 84 9891 1922> .TXT AT (2080,224) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATED ON BACKFILL <7 7 0 0 0 0 0> V_SPACE <0 611 0> SIZE 440000 BOLD ON HOR_JUST CENTER L_SPACE 611 MARGINS <0 0 0 0> TXTXYOFF <-43 439> T_PNTS (0,439)(0,0)(5830,0)(5830,571)(0,571)(0,439)(5830,439) .STR "Examples of Layer 4" .TMP AT (103,2089) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <2 3 0 0> T_POS <103 2089 9891 7369> .TXT AT (55,2168) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATED ON BACKFILL <20 20 0 19 0 0 0> PARA <-500 500 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <56 444 0> SIZE 320000 BOLD OFF HOR_JUST LEFT L_SPACE 444 TXTXYOFF <10 326> T_PNTS (0,326)(0,0)(9282,0)(9282,4997)(0,4997)(0,326)(9282,326) .STR "TCP: Transmission Control Protocol" .STR PARA <-500 1000 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <28 389 0> SIZE 280000 "\n\t" .STR "Guarantees reliable delivery of data, in order" .STR "\n\tAssigns sequence numbers, performs automatic retransmission " .STR "\n\tConnection-based (\"virtual circuit\")" .STR "\n\tFlow control" .STR "\n\tAllows you to select which process you are communicating wi th (port number)" .STR PARA <-500 500 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <56 444 0> SIZE 320000 "\nUDP: User Datagram Protocol" .STR PARA <-500 1000 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <28 389 0> SIZE 280000 "\n\tConnectionless, no delivery guarantees" .STR "\n\tUsed when the whole payload can fit inside a single datagra m and data loss is acceptable" END PICTURE NOTES .GRP BACKFILL <44 0 5 1000 0 0 0> PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 1 0 111> V_SPACE <0 250 0> SIZE 180000 L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> .TMP AT (250,250) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <5 14 0 0> T_POS <250 250 7249 4875> .VOID .TMP AT (250,5125) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <6 15 0 0> T_POS <250 5125 7249 9749> .VOID END .GRP END NOTES SLIDE_INFO SLIDE_STYLE <0 -1 1> LAYOUT_ID <1 2 12 12 12> END SLIDE_INFO PICTURE .TMP AT (103,84) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <1 0 0 0> T_POS <103 84 9891 1922> .TXT AT (604,224) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATED ON BACKFILL <7 7 0 0 0 0 0> V_SPACE <0 611 0> SIZE 440000 BOLD ON HOR_JUST CENTER L_SPACE 611 MARGINS <0 0 0 0> TXTXYOFF <-43 439> T_PNTS (0,439)(0,0)(8767,0)(8767,571)(0,571)(0,439)(8767,439) .STR "Examples of Layer 7 protocols" .TMP AT (103,2089) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <2 3 0 0> T_POS <103 2089 9891 7369> .TXT AT (58,2055) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATED ON BACKFILL <20 20 0 19 0 0 0> PARA <-500 500 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <56 444 0> SIZE 320000 BOLD OFF HOR_JUST LEFT L_SPACE 444 TXTXYOFF <10 322> T_PNTS (0,322)(0,0)(8993,0)(8993,5199)(0,5199)(0,322)(8993,322) .STR "HTTP: Hyper Text Transfer Protocol" .STR PARA <-500 1000 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <28 389 0> SIZE 280000 "\n\tFor web browser to retrieve pages from web server" .STR "\n\tRuns over TCP" .STR PARA <-500 500 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <56 444 0> SIZE 320000 "\nSMTP: Simple Mail Transfer Protocol" .STR PARA <-500 1000 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <28 389 0> SIZE 280000 "\n\tFor one machine to deliver mail messages to another machine " .STR "\n\tRuns over TCP" .STR PARA <-500 500 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <56 444 0> SIZE 320000 "\nDNS: Domain Name System" .STR PARA <-500 1000 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <28 389 0> SIZE 280000 "\n\tFor machine to issue name-to-address queries" .STR "\n\tRuns over UDP (mostly)" .STR PARA <-500 500 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <56 444 0> SIZE 320000 "\nMany, many more" END PICTURE NOTES .GRP BACKFILL <44 0 5 1000 0 0 0> PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 1 0 111> V_SPACE <0 250 0> SIZE 180000 L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> .TMP AT (250,250) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <5 14 0 0> T_POS <250 250 7249 4875> .VOID .TMP AT (250,5125) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <6 15 0 0> T_POS <250 5125 7249 9749> .VOID END .GRP END NOTES SLIDE_INFO SLIDE_STYLE <0 -1 1> LAYOUT_ID <9 12 12 12 12> END SLIDE_INFO PICTURE .TXT AT (4655,3715) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <20 20 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 0 PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 34 0 111> V_SPACE <0 667 0> SIZE 480000 BOLD ON L_SPACE 667 MARGINS <0 0 0 0> TXTXYOFF <-42 477> T_PNTS (0,477)(0,0)(559,0)(559,478)(0,478)(0,477)(559,477) H_SPACE 0 .STR L_SPACE 250 "IP" .LINE AT (3000,4499) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <34 2 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 1 V_SPACE <0 250 0> SIZE 180000 BOLD OFF MARGINS <125 125 250 62> PNTS (1500,0)(0,2000) .LINE AT (5249,4497) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(1502,2002) .LINE AT (2999,1500) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(1505,2002) .LINE AT (5249,1501) RECOLOR ON PNTS (1500,0)(0,2000) .TXT AT (3547,1665) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <20 20 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 0 V_SPACE <0 389 0> SIZE 280000 L_SPACE 389 MARGINS <0 0 0 0> TXTXYOFF <-1 279> T_PNTS (0,279)(0,0)(781,0)(781,286)(0,286)(0,279)(781,279) .STR L_SPACE 250 "Web" .TXT AT (4299,2162) RECOLOR ON L_SPACE 389 TXTXYOFF <-31 279> T_PNTS (0,279)(0,0)(653,0)(653,286)(0,286)(0,279)(653,279) .STR L_SPACE 250 "Mail" .TXT AT (4510,1437) RECOLOR ON L_SPACE 389 TXTXYOFF <0 279> T_PNTS (0,279)(0,0)(954,0)(954,286)(0,286)(0,279)(954,279) .STR L_SPACE 250 "Voice" .TXT AT (5098,1941) RECOLOR ON L_SPACE 389 TXTXYOFF <-1 279> T_PNTS (0,279)(0,0)(939,0)(939,286)(0,286)(0,279)(939,279) .STR L_SPACE 250 "telnet" .TXT AT (3965,5434) RECOLOR ON L_SPACE 389 TXTXYOFF <-31 279> T_PNTS (0,279)(0,0)(838,0)(838,280)(0,280)(0,279)(838,279) .STR L_SPACE 250 "FDDI" .TXT AT (3466,5938) RECOLOR ON L_SPACE 389 T_PNTS (0,279)(0,0)(1427,0)(1427,286)(0,286)(0,279)(1427,279) .STR L_SPACE 250 "Ethernet" .TXT AT (4423,4963) RECOLOR ON L_SPACE 389 TXTXYOFF <1 279> T_PNTS (0,279)(0,0)(791,0)(791,280)(0,280)(0,279)(791,279) .STR L_SPACE 250 "ATM" .TXT AT (4967,5683) RECOLOR ON L_SPACE 389 TXTXYOFF <-12 279> T_PNTS (0,279)(0,0)(886,0)(886,286)(0,286)(0,279)(886,279) .STR L_SPACE 250 "serial" .TXT AT (4433,6431) RECOLOR ON L_SPACE 389 TXTXYOFF <-31 279> T_PNTS (0,279)(0,0)(2030,0)(2030,364)(0,364)(0,279)(2030,279) .STR L_SPACE 250 "Damp string" .TXT AT (4216,2704) RECOLOR ON L_SPACE 389 TXTXYOFF <-1 258> T_PNTS (0,258)(0,0)(502,0)(502,340)(0,340)(0,258)(502,258) .STR L_SPACE 250 "tcp" .TXT AT (4986,2686) RECOLOR ON L_SPACE 389 TXTXYOFF <-24 279> T_PNTS (0,279)(0,0)(608,0)(608,361)(0,361)(0,279)(608,279) .STR L_SPACE 250 "udp" .LINE AT (3846,2628) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <34 2 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 1 V_SPACE <0 250 0> SIZE 180000 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> PNTS (0,0)(2058,0) .TXT AT (7778,3832) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <7 7 0 0 0 0 0> PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 1 0 111> V_SPACE <0 333 0> SIZE 240000 BOLD ON HOR_JUST CENTER L_SPACE 333 MARGINS <0 0 0 0> TXTXYOFF <-14 244> T_PNTS (0,244)(0,0)(1689,0)(1689,316)(0,316)(0,244)(1689,244) H_SPACE 9789 .STR L_SPACE 611 "OSI layer 3" .TXT AT (7479,5462) RECOLOR ON L_SPACE 333 T_PNTS (0,244)(0,0)(2166,0)(2166,316)(0,316)(0,244)(2166,244) .STR L_SPACE 611 "OSI layers 1-2" .TXT AT (7507,2228) RECOLOR ON L_SPACE 333 T_PNTS (0,244)(0,0)(2167,0)(2167,316)(0,316)(0,244)(2167,244) .STR L_SPACE 611 "OSI layers 4-7" .TMP AT (103,84) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <1 0 1 0> T_POS <103 84 9891 1922> .TXT AT (1876,190) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATED ON V_SPACE <0 611 0> SIZE 440000 TXTXYOFF <-4 438> T_PNTS (0,438)(0,0)(6109,0)(6109,570)(0,570)(0,438)(6109,438) .STR "The Hourglass Model" END PICTURE NOTES .GRP BACKFILL <44 0 5 1000 0 0 0> V_SPACE <0 250 0> SIZE 180000 BOLD OFF HOR_JUST LEFT L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> .TMP AT (250,250) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <5 14 0 0> T_POS <250 250 7249 4875> .VOID .TMP AT (250,5125) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <6 15 0 0> T_POS <250 5125 7249 9749> .VOID END .GRP END NOTES SLIDE_INFO SLIDE_STYLE <0 -1 1> LAYOUT_ID <1 2 12 12 12> END SLIDE_INFO PICTURE .TMP AT (103,84) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <1 0 0 0> T_POS <103 84 9891 1922> .TXT AT (1814,225) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATED ON BACKFILL <7 7 0 0 0 0 0> V_SPACE <0 611 0> SIZE 440000 BOLD ON HOR_JUST CENTER L_SPACE 611 MARGINS <0 0 0 0> TXTXYOFF <-43 438> T_PNTS (0,438)(0,0)(6365,0)(6365,570)(0,570)(0,438)(6365,438) .STR "Putting it into practice" .TMP AT (103,2089) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <2 3 0 0> T_POS <103 2089 9891 7369> .TXT AT (63,2178) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATED ON BACKFILL <20 20 0 19 0 0 0> PARA <-500 500 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <56 444 0> SIZE 320000 BOLD OFF HOR_JUST LEFT L_SPACE 444 TXTXYOFF <12 326> T_PNTS (0,326)(0,0)(9136,0)(9136,868)(0,868)(0,326)(9136,326) .STR "Let's see how we can use the OSI model to test and debug our ne twork" END PICTURE NOTES .GRP BACKFILL <44 0 5 1000 0 0 0> PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 1 0 111> V_SPACE <0 250 0> SIZE 180000 L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> .TMP AT (250,250) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <5 14 0 0> T_POS <250 250 7249 4875> .VOID .TMP AT (250,5125) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <6 15 0 0> T_POS <250 5125 7249 9749> .VOID END .GRP END NOTES SLIDE_INFO SLIDE_STYLE <0 -1 1> LAYOUT_ID <1 2 12 12 12> END SLIDE_INFO PICTURE .TMP AT (103,84) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <1 0 0 0> T_POS <103 84 9891 1922> .TXT AT (2483,215) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATED ON BACKFILL <7 7 0 0 0 0 0> V_SPACE <0 611 0> SIZE 440000 BOLD ON HOR_JUST CENTER L_SPACE 611 MARGINS <0 0 0 0> TXTXYOFF <-6 438> T_PNTS (0,438)(0,0)(4863,0)(4863,570)(0,570)(0,438)(4863,438) .STR "Testing at layer 1" .TMP AT (103,2089) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <2 3 0 0> T_POS <103 2089 9891 7369> .TXT AT (44,2159) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATED ON BACKFILL <20 20 0 19 0 0 0> PARA <-500 500 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <56 444 0> SIZE 320000 BOLD OFF HOR_JUST LEFT L_SPACE 444 TXTXYOFF <10 326> T_PNTS (0,326)(0,0)(9165,0)(9165,4057)(0,4057)(0,326)(9165,326) .STR "Check link status lights" .STR "\nA hub can identify a malfunctioning device and isolate that p ort (look for \"partition light\")" .STR "\nNeither of these is foolproof" .STR PARA <-500 1000 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <28 389 0> SIZE 280000 "\n\tA cable may be good enough to make the link status light co me on, but not good enough to transfer data reliably" .STR PARA <-500 500 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <56 444 0> SIZE 320000 "\nUse a cable tester" .STR "\nVisual inspection" END PICTURE NOTES .GRP BACKFILL <44 0 5 1000 0 0 0> PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 1 0 111> V_SPACE <0 250 0> SIZE 180000 L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> .TMP AT (250,250) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <5 14 0 0> T_POS <250 250 7249 4875> .VOID .TMP AT (250,5125) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <6 15 0 0> T_POS <250 5125 7249 9749> .VOID END .GRP END NOTES SLIDE_INFO SLIDE_STYLE <0 -1 1> LAYOUT_ID <1 12 12 12 12> END SLIDE_INFO PICTURE .TXT AT (-34,2052) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <20 20 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 0 PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 34 0 111> FONT 6 MARGINS <0 0 0 0> TXTXYOFF <0 165> T_PNTS (0,165)(0,0)(9885,0)(9885,1420)(0,1420)(0,165)(9885,165) H_SPACE 0 .STR "$ ifconfig fxp0 \nfxp0: flags=8843 mtu 1500 \n inet 192.168.0.201 netmask 0xffff ff00 bcast 192.168.0.255 \n ether 00:00:00:60:2a:85 \n" .STR BOLD ON " media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX ) \n status: active" .LINE AT (3249,3749) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <34 2 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 56 L_ARROW 1 FONT 1 BOLD OFF MARGINS <125 125 250 62> PNTS (0,0)(1401,1251) .LINE AT (4647,3502) RECOLOR ON PNTS (1348,0)(0,1497) .TXT AT (2731,5235) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <20 20 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 0 L_ARROW 0 V_SPACE <0 333 0> SIZE 240000 ITALICS ON HOR_JUST CENTER L_SPACE 333 MARGINS <0 0 0 0> TXTXYOFF <-21 241> T_PNTS (0,241)(0,0)(4708,0)(4708,649)(0,649)(0,241)(4708,241) .STR L_SPACE 250 "This is layer 1 status information\nas detected by the hardware " .POL AT (500,2910) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <34 2 0 0 0 0 0> THICKNESS 56 L_ARROW 1 V_SPACE <0 250 0> SIZE 180000 ITALICS OFF HOR_JUST LEFT MARGINS <125 125 250 62> PNTS (500,0)(0,0)(0,3500)(1000,3500)(1000,3500) .POL AT (250,2660) RECOLOR ON PNTS (750,0)(0,0)(0,4000)(1250,4000)(1500,4000) .TXT AT (1718,6288) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <20 20 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 0 L_ARROW 0 ITALICS ON HOR_JUST CENTER MARGINS <0 0 0 0> TXTXYOFF <1 184> T_PNTS (0,184)(0,0)(3970,0)(3970,489)(0,489)(0,184)(3970,184) .STR "MAC address (layer 2 configuration)\nIP address (layer 3 config uration)" .TMP AT (103,84) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <1 0 0 0> T_POS <103 84 9891 1922> .TXT AT (1418,218) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATED ON BACKFILL <7 7 0 0 0 0 0> THICKNESS 1 PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 1 0 111> V_SPACE <0 611 0> SIZE 440000 BOLD ON ITALICS OFF L_SPACE 611 TXTXYOFF <0 439> T_PNTS (0,439)(0,0)(7088,0)(7088,1062)(0,1062)(0,439)(7088,439) H_SPACE 9789 .STR "Ask your machine for its\ninterface status" END PICTURE NOTES .GRP BACKFILL <44 0 5 1000 0 0 0> V_SPACE <0 250 0> SIZE 180000 BOLD OFF HOR_JUST LEFT L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> .TMP AT (250,250) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <5 14 0 0> T_POS <250 250 7249 4875> .VOID .TMP AT (250,5125) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <6 15 0 0> T_POS <250 5125 7249 9749> .VOID END .GRP END NOTES SLIDE_INFO SLIDE_STYLE <0 -1 1> LAYOUT_ID <1 2 12 12 12> END SLIDE_INFO PICTURE .TMP AT (103,84) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <1 0 0 0> T_POS <103 84 9891 1922> .TXT AT (2489,225) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATED ON BACKFILL <7 7 0 0 0 0 0> V_SPACE <0 611 0> SIZE 440000 BOLD ON HOR_JUST CENTER L_SPACE 611 MARGINS <0 0 0 0> TXTXYOFF <-6 438> T_PNTS (0,438)(0,0)(4946,0)(4946,570)(0,570)(0,438)(4946,438) .STR "Testing at layer 2" .TMP AT (103,2089) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <2 3 0 0> T_POS <103 2089 9891 7369> .TXT AT (38,2161) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATED ON BACKFILL <20 20 0 19 0 0 0> PARA <-500 500 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <56 444 0> SIZE 320000 BOLD OFF HOR_JUST LEFT L_SPACE 444 TXTXYOFF <10 318> T_PNTS (0,318)(0,0)(9009,0)(9009,4960)(0,4960)(0,318)(9009,318) .STR "Ethernet doesn't have a direct way to perform tests at layer 2" .STR PARA <-500 1000 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <28 389 0> SIZE 280000 "\n\tSo use a layer 3 test (ping), but direct it to another mach ine on the same LAN as you" .STR "\n\tLook at interface error counters: " .STR BOLD ON "netstat -i" .STR PARA <-500 500 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <56 444 0> SIZE 320000 BOLD OFF "\nMost serial links have layer 2 testing built in" .STR PARA <-500 1000 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <28 389 0> SIZE 280000 "\n\te.g. PPP performs an initial exchange of packets to establi sh the connection (LCP) and can send \"keepalive\" packets to co ntinuously test it" .STR "\n\tOn many routers, the interface status will tell you whether layer 2 is up" END PICTURE NOTES .GRP BACKFILL <44 0 5 1000 0 0 0> PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 1 0 111> V_SPACE <0 250 0> SIZE 180000 L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> .TMP AT (250,250) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <5 14 0 0> T_POS <250 250 7249 4875> .VOID .TMP AT (250,5125) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <6 15 0 0> T_POS <250 5125 7249 9749> .VOID END .GRP END NOTES SLIDE_INFO SLIDE_STYLE <0 -1 1> LAYOUT_ID <1 2 12 12 12> END SLIDE_INFO PICTURE .TXT AT (47,4307) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <20 20 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 0 PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 34 0 111> FONT 6 MARGINS <0 0 0 0> TXTXYOFF <0 165> T_PNTS (0,165)(0,0)(9885,0)(9885,2914)(0,2914)(0,165)(9885,165) H_SPACE 0 .STR "$ " .STR BOLD ON "ping -c5 147.28.0.39 " .STR BOLD OFF "\nPING 147.28.0.39 (147.28.0.39): 56 data bytes \n64 bytes from 147.28.0.39: icmp_seq=0 ttl=51 time=391.264 ms \n64 bytes from 147.28.0.39: icmp_seq=1 ttl=51 time=394.113 ms \n64 bytes from 1 47.28.0.39: icmp_seq=2 ttl=51 time=392.129 ms \n64 bytes from 14 7.28.0.39: icmp_seq=3 ttl=51 time=396.275 ms \n64 bytes from 147 .28.0.39: icmp_seq=4 ttl=51 time=349.356 ms \n \n--- 147.28.0.39 ping statistics --- \n" .STR BOLD ON "5 packets transmitted, 5 packets received, 0% packet loss " .STR BOLD OFF "\nround-trip min/avg/max/stddev = 349.356/384.627/396.275/17.72 0 ms \n" .TMP AT (103,84) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <1 0 0 0> T_POS <103 84 9891 1922> .TXT AT (2489,225) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATED ON BACKFILL <7 7 0 0 0 0 0> THICKNESS 1 PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 1 0 111> V_SPACE <0 611 0> FONT 1 SIZE 440000 BOLD ON HOR_JUST CENTER L_SPACE 611 TXTXYOFF <-6 438> T_PNTS (0,438)(0,0)(4951,0)(4951,570)(0,570)(0,438)(4951,438) H_SPACE 9789 .STR "Testing at layer 3" .TMP AT (103,2089) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <2 3 0 0> T_POS <103 2089 9891 7369> .TXT AT (52,2176) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATED ON BACKFILL <20 20 0 19 0 0 0> PARA <-500 500 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <56 444 0> SIZE 320000 BOLD OFF HOR_JUST LEFT L_SPACE 444 TXTXYOFF <12 318> T_PNTS (0,318)(0,0)(9030,0)(9030,1804)(0,1804)(0,318)(9030,318) .STR "\"ping\" sends a special \"echo request\" packet. If it arrives , an \"echo response\" will be sent back" .STR "\nProves network working in both directions" END PICTURE NOTES .GRP BACKFILL <44 0 5 1000 0 0 0> PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 1 0 111> V_SPACE <0 250 0> SIZE 180000 L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> .TMP AT (250,250) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <5 14 0 0> T_POS <250 250 7249 4875> .VOID .TMP AT (250,5125) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <6 15 0 0> T_POS <250 5125 7249 9749> .VOID END .GRP END NOTES SLIDE_INFO SLIDE_STYLE <0 -1 1> LAYOUT_ID <1 2 12 12 12> END SLIDE_INFO PICTURE .TMP AT (103,84) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <1 0 0 0> T_POS <103 84 9891 1922> .TXT AT (1374,225) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATED ON BACKFILL <7 7 0 0 0 0 0> V_SPACE <0 611 0> SIZE 440000 BOLD ON HOR_JUST CENTER L_SPACE 611 MARGINS <0 0 0 0> TXTXYOFF <-6 438> T_PNTS (0,438)(0,0)(7163,0)(7163,570)(0,570)(0,438)(7163,438) .STR "Testing at layer 3 (contd)" .TMP AT (103,2089) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <2 3 0 0> T_POS <103 2089 9891 7369> .TXT AT (44,2159) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATED ON BACKFILL <20 20 0 19 0 0 0> PARA <-500 500 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <56 444 0> SIZE 320000 BOLD OFF HOR_JUST LEFT L_SPACE 444 TXTXYOFF <10 326> T_PNTS (0,326)(0,0)(8872,0)(8872,3857)(0,3857)(0,326)(8872,326) .STR "Sending large-sized pings can be useful" .STR PARA <-500 1000 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <28 389 0> SIZE 280000 "\n\tlarger packets are more sensitive to bit errors and etherne t collisions" .STR PARA <-500 500 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <56 444 0> SIZE 320000 "\nping -s1472 -c100 147.28.0.39" .STR PARA <-500 1000 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <28 389 0> SIZE 280000 "\n\t20 bytes IP header + 8 bytes ICMP header + 1472 bytes data = 1500 byte datagram" .STR "\n\tYou need to be \"root\" to do this" .STR PARA <-500 500 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <56 444 0> SIZE 320000 "\npings are not TCP or UDP, but ICMP" .STR PARA <-500 1000 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <28 389 0> SIZE 280000 "\n\tInternet Control Message Protocol" END PICTURE NOTES .GRP BACKFILL <20 0 5 1000 0 0 0> PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 1 0 111> V_SPACE <0 250 0> SIZE 180000 L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> .TMP AT (250,250) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <5 14 0 0> T_POS <250 250 7249 4875> .VOID .TMP AT (250,5125) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <6 15 0 0> T_POS <250 5125 7249 9749> .VOID END .GRP END NOTES SLIDE_INFO SLIDE_STYLE <0 -1 1> LAYOUT_ID <1 2 12 12 12> END SLIDE_INFO PICTURE .TMP AT (103,84) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <1 0 0 0> T_POS <103 84 9891 1922> .TXT AT (1374,225) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATED ON BACKFILL <7 7 0 0 0 0 0> V_SPACE <0 611 0> SIZE 440000 BOLD ON HOR_JUST CENTER L_SPACE 611 MARGINS <0 0 0 0> TXTXYOFF <-6 438> T_PNTS (0,438)(0,0)(7163,0)(7163,570)(0,570)(0,438)(7163,438) .STR "Testing at layer 3 (contd)" .TMP AT (103,2089) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <2 3 0 0> T_POS <103 2089 9891 7369> .TXT AT (52,2172) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATED ON BACKFILL <20 20 0 19 0 0 0> PARA <-500 500 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <56 444 0> SIZE 320000 BOLD OFF HOR_JUST LEFT L_SPACE 444 TXTXYOFF <12 322> T_PNTS (0,322)(0,0)(8913,0)(8913,4301)(0,4301)(0,322)(8913,322) .STR "\"traceroute\" sends a series of packets and uses this to show the intervening routers" .STR "\nUnix: " .STR BOLD ON "traceroute -n 147.28.0.39" .STR BOLD OFF "\nWindows: " .STR BOLD ON "tracert -d 147.28.0.39" .STR BOLD OFF "\nThe -n/-d flag is used to prevent DNS lookups. Use it!" .STR PARA <-500 1000 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <28 389 0> SIZE 280000 "\n\tIf you have a networking problem, you don't want to have th e additional uncertainty of whether your DNS servers are working or reachable" END PICTURE NOTES .GRP BACKFILL <20 0 5 1000 0 0 0> PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 1 0 111> V_SPACE <0 250 0> SIZE 180000 L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> .TMP AT (250,250) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <5 14 0 0> T_POS <250 250 7249 4875> .VOID .TMP AT (250,5125) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <6 15 0 0> T_POS <250 5125 7249 9749> .VOID END .GRP END NOTES SLIDE_INFO SLIDE_STYLE <0 -1 1> LAYOUT_ID <1 2 12 12 12> END SLIDE_INFO PICTURE .TMP AT (103,84) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <1 0 0 0> T_POS <103 84 9891 1922> .TXT AT (1374,225) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATED ON BACKFILL <7 7 0 0 0 0 0> V_SPACE <0 611 0> SIZE 440000 BOLD ON HOR_JUST CENTER L_SPACE 611 MARGINS <0 0 0 0> TXTXYOFF <-6 438> T_PNTS (0,438)(0,0)(7163,0)(7163,570)(0,570)(0,438)(7163,438) .STR "Testing at layer 3 (contd)" .TMP AT (103,2089) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <2 3 0 0> T_POS <103 2089 9891 7369> .TXT AT (38,2161) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATED ON BACKFILL <20 20 0 19 0 0 0> PARA <-500 500 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <56 444 0> SIZE 320000 BOLD OFF HOR_JUST LEFT L_SPACE 444 TXTXYOFF <12 318> T_PNTS (0,318)(0,0)(9039,0)(9039,3916)(0,3916)(0,318)(9039,318) .STR "\"tcpdump\" shows you packets going in and out of an interface" .STR "\ntcpdump -i fxp0 -n -s1500 -X" .STR "\nUse a filter" .STR " to select packets of interest" .STR PARA <-500 1000 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <28 389 0> SIZE 280000 "\n\ttcpdump -i fxp0 -n -s1500 -X tcp port 80" .STR PARA <-500 1500 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <28 333 0> SIZE 240000 "\n\t\tTCP packets to or from port 80 only" .STR PARA <-500 1000 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <28 389 0> SIZE 280000 "\n\ttcpdump -i fxp0 -n -s1500 -X host 192.168.0.1" .STR PARA <-500 1500 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <28 333 0> SIZE 240000 "\nall packets to or from that host only" .STR PARA <-500 500 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <56 444 0> SIZE 320000 "\nThe '-n' flag prevents DNS lookups; use it." END PICTURE NOTES .GRP BACKFILL <20 0 5 1000 0 0 0> PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 1 0 111> V_SPACE <0 250 0> SIZE 180000 L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> .TMP AT (250,250) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <5 14 0 0> T_POS <250 250 7249 4875> .VOID .TMP AT (250,5125) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <6 15 0 0> T_POS <250 5125 7249 9749> .VOID END .GRP END NOTES SLIDE_INFO SLIDE_STYLE <0 -1 1> LAYOUT_ID <1 2 12 12 12> END SLIDE_INFO PICTURE .TMP AT (103,84) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <1 0 0 0> T_POS <103 84 9891 1922> .TXT AT (2240,216) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATED ON BACKFILL <7 7 0 0 0 0 0> V_SPACE <0 611 0> SIZE 440000 BOLD ON HOR_JUST CENTER L_SPACE 611 MARGINS <0 0 0 0> TXTXYOFF <-6 447> T_PNTS (0,447)(0,0)(5458,0)(5458,579)(0,579)(0,447)(5458,447) .STR "Testing at layer 4/7" .TMP AT (103,2089) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <2 3 0 0> T_POS <103 2089 9891 7369> .TXT AT (55,2176) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATED ON BACKFILL <20 20 0 19 0 0 0> PARA <-500 500 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <56 444 0> SIZE 320000 BOLD OFF HOR_JUST LEFT L_SPACE 444 TXTXYOFF <10 318> T_PNTS (0,318)(0,0)(9240,0)(9240,4470)(0,4470)(0,318)(9240,318) .STR "Many Internet layer 7 protocols use plain-text messages. You ca n therefore drive them directly from a keyboard." .STR "\n\"telnet\" can be used to open a TCP connection to a remote s erver" .STR PARA <-500 1000 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <28 389 0> SIZE 280000 "\n\tthere is no equivalent for UDP" .STR "\n\tthe port number selects which server you want" .STR PARA <-500 500 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <56 444 0> SIZE 320000 "\nOnce the connection is open, you type layer 7 messages for wh ichever application protocol is running on this port" END PICTURE NOTES .GRP BACKFILL <20 0 5 1000 0 0 0> PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 1 0 111> V_SPACE <0 250 0> SIZE 180000 L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> .TMP AT (250,250) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <5 14 0 0> T_POS <250 250 7249 4875> .VOID .TMP AT (250,5125) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <6 15 0 0> T_POS <250 5125 7249 9749> .VOID END .GRP END NOTES SLIDE_INFO SLIDE_STYLE <0 -1 1> LAYOUT_ID <1 12 12 12 12> END SLIDE_INFO PICTURE .TXT AT (-38,1754) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <20 20 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 0 PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 34 0 111> V_SPACE <0 333 0> FONT 6 SIZE 240000 L_SPACE 333 MARGINS <0 0 0 0> TXTXYOFF <0 219> T_PNTS (0,219)(0,0)(9908,0)(9908,5241)(0,5241)(0,219)(9908,219) H_SPACE 0 .STR L_SPACE 250 "$" .STR BOLD ON L_SPACE 333 " telnet www.nsrc.org 80" .STR BOLD OFF "\nTrying 128.223.162.27... \nConnected to www.nsrc.org. \nEscap e character is '^^]'. \n" .STR BOLD ON "GET / HTTP/1.0 " .STR ITALICS ON "[Enter]" .STR ITALICS OFF "\nHost: www.nsrc.org " .STR ITALICS ON "[Enter]" .STR ITALICS OFF "\n" .STR ITALICS ON "[Enter] " .STR ITALICS OFF "\n" .STR BOLD OFF "HTTP/1.1 200 OK \nServer: JavaWebServer/1.1.1 \nContent-Length: 6307 \nContent-Type: text/html \nLast-Modified: Mon, 27 Dec 200 4 13:55:20 GMT \nConnection: close \nDate: Thu, 30 Dec 2004 14:3 4:45 GMT \n \n . .." .LINE AT (4991,1910) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <34 2 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 42 L_ARROW 1 V_SPACE <0 250 0> FONT 1 SIZE 180000 L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> PNTS (0,0)(1803,0) .TXT AT (6959,1714) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <44 20 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 0 L_ARROW 0 MARGINS <0 0 0 0> TXTXYOFF <0 184> T_PNTS (0,184)(0,0)(2428,0)(2428,439)(0,439)(0,184)(2428,184) .STR "Standard port number\nfor HTTP" .LINE AT (4949,3249) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <34 2 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 42 L_ARROW 1 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> PNTS (0,0)(1803,0) .TXT AT (6966,3032) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <44 20 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 0 L_ARROW 0 MARGINS <0 0 0 0> TXTXYOFF <0 180> T_PNTS (0,180)(0,0)(2820,0)(2820,482)(0,482)(0,180)(2820,180) .STR "HTTP request (note:\nfirst line is case-sensitive)" .LINE AT (4957,4258) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <34 2 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 42 L_ARROW 1 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> PNTS (0,0)(1803,0) .TXT AT (6973,4041) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <44 20 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 0 L_ARROW 0 MARGINS <0 0 0 0> TXTXYOFF <0 179> T_PNTS (0,179)(0,0)(2712,0)(2712,484)(0,484)(0,179)(2712,179) .STR "HTTP response headers\nfollowed by HTML data" .TMP AT (103,84) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <1 0 0 0> T_POS <103 84 9891 1922> .TXT AT (750,224) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATED ON BACKFILL <7 7 0 0 0 0 0> THICKNESS 1 PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 1 0 111> V_SPACE <0 611 0> SIZE 440000 BOLD ON HOR_JUST CENTER L_SPACE 611 TXTXYOFF <-45 439> T_PNTS (0,439)(0,0)(8459,0)(8459,1062)(0,1062)(0,439)(8459,439) H_SPACE 9789 .STR "Example: fetching web pages\nwithout a web browser!" END PICTURE NOTES .GRP BACKFILL <20 0 5 1000 0 0 0> V_SPACE <0 250 0> SIZE 180000 BOLD OFF HOR_JUST LEFT L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> .TMP AT (250,250) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <5 14 0 0> T_POS <250 250 7249 4875> .VOID .TMP AT (250,5125) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <6 15 0 0> T_POS <250 5125 7249 9749> .VOID END .GRP END NOTES SLIDE_INFO SLIDE_STYLE <0 -1 1> LAYOUT_ID <1 2 12 12 12> END SLIDE_INFO PICTURE .TMP AT (103,84) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <1 0 0 0> T_POS <103 84 9891 1922> .TXT AT (1311,225) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATED ON BACKFILL <7 7 0 0 0 0 0> V_SPACE <0 611 0> SIZE 440000 BOLD ON HOR_JUST CENTER L_SPACE 611 MARGINS <0 0 0 0> TXTXYOFF <1 438> T_PNTS (0,438)(0,0)(7298,0)(7298,1181)(0,1181)(0,438)(7298,438) .STR "This is an enormously\nuseful tool for debugging" .TMP AT (103,2089) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <2 3 0 0> T_POS <103 2089 9891 7369> .TXT AT (60,2183) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATED ON BACKFILL <20 20 0 19 0 0 0> PARA <-500 500 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <56 444 0> SIZE 320000 BOLD OFF HOR_JUST LEFT L_SPACE 444 TXTXYOFF <12 318> T_PNTS (0,318)(0,0)(8822,0)(8822,3687)(0,3687)(0,318)(8822,318) .STR "e.g. when testing a web server" .STR "\neliminates any possible errors with web browser (because you' re not using one!)" .STR "\nsee all the raw HTTP response headers, which the web browser usually hides from the user" .STR "\nalso check in your web server's log file to see how the reque st was handled" END PICTURE NOTES .GRP BACKFILL <20 0 5 1000 0 0 0> PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 1 0 111> V_SPACE <0 250 0> SIZE 180000 L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> .TMP AT (250,250) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <5 14 0 0> T_POS <250 250 7249 4875> .VOID .TMP AT (250,5125) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <6 15 0 0> T_POS <250 5125 7249 9749> .VOID END .GRP END NOTES SLIDE_INFO SLIDE_STYLE <0 -1 1> LAYOUT_ID <1 2 12 12 12> END SLIDE_INFO PICTURE .TMP AT (103,84) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <1 0 0 0> T_POS <103 84 9891 1922> .TXT AT (255,213) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATED ON BACKFILL <7 7 0 0 0 0 0> V_SPACE <0 611 0> SIZE 440000 BOLD ON HOR_JUST CENTER L_SPACE 611 MARGINS <0 0 0 0> TXTXYOFF <-37 447> T_PNTS (0,447)(0,0)(9436,0)(9436,579)(0,579)(0,447)(9436,447) .STR "If you don't know where to start?" .TMP AT (103,2089) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <2 3 0 0> T_POS <103 2089 9891 7369> .TXT AT (60,2180) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATED ON BACKFILL <20 20 0 19 0 0 0> PARA <-500 500 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <56 444 0> SIZE 320000 BOLD OFF HOR_JUST LEFT L_SPACE 444 TXTXYOFF <12 321> T_PNTS (0,321)(0,0)(9201,0)(9201,3907)(0,3907)(0,321)(9201,321) .STR "Do a layer 3 test (ping the remote host)" .STR "\nIf ping works: you likely have an application problem. Perfor m layer 4/7 tests." .STR "\nIf ping doesn't work, then there is a networking problem" .STR PARA <-500 1000 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <28 389 0> SIZE 280000 "\n\tcheck you can ping other machines on the same LAN as you" .STR "\n\tping nearby routers and ones further away until you find th e area of the problem" END PICTURE NOTES .GRP BACKFILL <20 0 5 1000 0 0 0> PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 1 0 111> V_SPACE <0 250 0> SIZE 180000 L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> .TMP AT (250,250) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <5 14 0 0> T_POS <250 250 7249 4875> .VOID .TMP AT (250,5125) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <6 15 0 0> T_POS <250 5125 7249 9749> .VOID END .GRP END NOTES SLIDE_INFO SLIDE_STYLE <0 -1 1> LAYOUT_ID <1 2 12 12 12> END SLIDE_INFO PICTURE .TMP AT (103,84) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <1 0 0 0> T_POS <103 84 9891 1922> .TXT AT (1625,222) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATED ON BACKFILL <7 7 0 0 0 0 0> V_SPACE <0 611 0> SIZE 440000 BOLD ON HOR_JUST CENTER L_SPACE 611 MARGINS <0 0 0 0> TXTXYOFF <-4 438> T_PNTS (0,438)(0,0)(6649,0)(6649,570)(0,570)(0,438)(6649,438) .STR "Testing and debugging" .TMP AT (103,2089) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <2 3 0 0> T_POS <103 2089 9891 7369> .TXT AT (55,2168) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATED ON BACKFILL <20 20 0 19 0 0 0> PARA <-500 500 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <56 444 0> SIZE 320000 BOLD OFF HOR_JUST LEFT L_SPACE 444 TXTXYOFF <10 326> T_PNTS (0,326)(0,0)(8879,0)(8879,1863)(0,1863)(0,326)(8879,326) .STR "Any questions?" .STR "\nReminder: if you've forgotten what the \"-c\" flag to \"ping\" does, how can you find out?" .STR "\nSimple practical exercise" END PICTURE NOTES .GRP BACKFILL <20 0 5 1000 0 0 0> PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 1 0 111> V_SPACE <0 250 0> SIZE 180000 L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> .TMP AT (250,250) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <5 14 0 0> T_POS <250 250 7249 4875> .VOID .TMP AT (250,5125) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <6 15 0 0> T_POS <250 5125 7249 9749> .VOID END .GRP END NOTES SLIDE_INFO SLIDE_STYLE <0 -1 1> LAYOUT_ID <1 2 12 12 12> END SLIDE_INFO PICTURE .TMP AT (103,84) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <1 0 0 0> T_POS <103 84 9891 1922> .TXT AT (1340,212) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATED ON BACKFILL <7 7 0 0 0 0 0> V_SPACE <0 611 0> SIZE 440000 BOLD ON HOR_JUST CENTER L_SPACE 611 MARGINS <0 0 0 0> TXTXYOFF <-6 438> T_PNTS (0,438)(0,0)(7229,0)(7229,565)(0,565)(0,438)(7229,438) .STR "The Internet Protocol (IP)" .TMP AT (103,2089) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <2 3 0 0> T_POS <103 2089 9891 7369> .TXT AT (35,2150) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATED ON BACKFILL <20 20 0 19 0 0 0> PARA <-500 500 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <56 444 0> SIZE 320000 BOLD OFF HOR_JUST LEFT L_SPACE 444 TXTXYOFF <12 326> T_PNTS (0,326)(0,0)(8298,0)(8298,2862)(0,2862)(0,326)(8298,326) .STR "Layer 3 in the TCP/IP stack" .STR "\nDelivers chunks of data - \"datagrams\" - across an internetw ork" .STR "\nScales to global network - The Internet" .STR "\nIntegrates different LAN technologies" .STR "\nRFC 791 (IPv4)" END PICTURE NOTES .GRP BACKFILL <0 0 5 1000 0 0 0> PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 1 0 111> V_SPACE <0 250 0> SIZE 180000 L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> .TMP AT (250,250) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <5 14 0 0> T_POS <250 250 7249 4875> .VOID .TMP AT (250,5125) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <6 15 0 0> T_POS <250 5125 7249 9749> .VOID END .GRP END NOTES SLIDE_INFO SLIDE_STYLE <0 -1 1> LAYOUT_ID <1 2 12 12 12> END SLIDE_INFO PICTURE .RECT AT (750,1500) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <34 2 5 1000 0 0 0> PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 34 0 111> V_SPACE <0 500 0> FONT 5 SIZE 360000 ITALICS ON L_SPACE 500 MARGINS <250 250 500 125> PNTS (0,0)(8750,0)(8750,1000)(0,1000)(0,0) .TXT AT (3081,1084) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <20 20 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 0 V_SPACE <0 250 0> FONT 1 SIZE 180000 BOLD ON ITALICS OFF HOR_JUST CENTER L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <0 0 0 0> TXTXYOFF <-17 179> T_PNTS (0,179)(0,0)(4144,0)(4144,231)(0,231)(0,179)(4144,179) H_SPACE 0 .STR L_SPACE 500 "MTU (Maximum Transmission Unit)" .LINE AT (748,1250) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <34 2 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 42 L_ARROW 1 V_SPACE <0 500 0> FONT 5 SIZE 360000 BOLD OFF ITALICS ON HOR_JUST LEFT MARGINS <250 250 500 125> PNTS (0,0)(2250,0) .LINE AT (7249,1250) RECOLOR ON L_ARROW 0 R_ARROW 1 PNTS (0,0)(2250,0) .RECT AT (2000,1500) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <23 2 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 1 R_ARROW 0 PNTS (0,0)(7500,0)(7500,1000)(0,1000)(0,0) .TXT AT (852,1844) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <20 20 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 0 V_SPACE <0 250 0> FONT 1 SIZE 180000 BOLD ON ITALICS OFF HOR_JUST CENTER L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <0 0 0 0> TXTXYOFF <-18 179> T_PNTS (0,179)(0,0)(1023,0)(1023,180)(0,180)(0,179)(1023,179) .STR L_SPACE 500 "HEADER" .TXT AT (5279,1836) RECOLOR ON L_SPACE 250 TXTXYOFF <-17 179> T_PNTS (0,179)(0,0)(673,0)(673,180)(0,180)(0,179)(673,179) .STR L_SPACE 500 "DATA" .TMP AT (103,84) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <1 0 0 0> T_POS <103 84 9891 1922> .TXT AT (1800,203) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATED ON BACKFILL <7 7 0 0 0 0 0> THICKNESS 1 PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 1 0 111> V_SPACE <0 611 0> SIZE 440000 L_SPACE 611 TXTXYOFF <-37 447> T_PNTS (0,447)(0,0)(6371,0)(6371,579)(0,579)(0,447)(6371,447) H_SPACE 9789 .STR "IP Datagram Structure" .TMP AT (103,2089) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <2 3 0 0> T_POS <103 2089 9891 7369> .TXT AT (194,2886) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATED ON BACKFILL <20 20 0 19 0 0 0> PARA <-500 500 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <56 444 0> SIZE 320000 BOLD OFF HOR_JUST LEFT L_SPACE 444 TXTXYOFF <12 318> T_PNTS (0,318)(0,0)(8680,0)(8680,4219)(0,4219)(0,318)(8680,318) .STR "Header" .STR PARA <-500 1000 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <28 389 0> SIZE 280000 "\n\tSource IP address " .STR ITALICS ON "- where it came from" .STR ITALICS OFF "\n\tDestination IP address " .STR ITALICS ON "- where it is going to" .STR ITALICS OFF "\n\tHeader checksum" .STR "\n\tOther fields (TTL, Layer 4 protocol identifier, Fragmentati on information)" .STR PARA <-500 500 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <56 444 0> SIZE 320000 "\nData" .STR PARA <-500 1000 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <28 389 0> SIZE 280000 "\n\tThe actual data you want to carry" .STR PARA <-500 500 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <56 444 0> SIZE 320000 "\nTotal size up to MTU bytes" .STR PARA <-500 1000 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <28 389 0> SIZE 280000 "\n\tWhat limits the MTU?" END PICTURE NOTES .GRP BACKFILL <0 0 5 1000 0 0 0> PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 1 0 111> V_SPACE <0 500 0> FONT 5 SIZE 360000 ITALICS ON L_SPACE 500 MARGINS <250 250 500 125> .TMP AT (250,250) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <5 14 0 0> T_POS <250 250 7249 4875> .VOID .TMP AT (250,5125) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <6 15 0 0> T_POS <250 5125 7249 9749> .VOID END .GRP END NOTES SLIDE_INFO SLIDE_STYLE <0 -1 1> LAYOUT_ID <1 2 12 12 12> END SLIDE_INFO PICTURE .TXT AT (948,5951) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <20 20 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 0 PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 34 0 111> V_SPACE <0 250 0> FONT 1 SIZE 180000 ITALICS OFF L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <0 0 0 0> FLD_XYSCALE <15218 14818> TXTXYOFF <-37 258> T_PNTS (0,258)(0,0)(6625,0)(6625,266)(0,266)(0,258)(6625,258) H_SPACE 0 .STR FLD_XYSCALE <10000 10000> "11001110000110111110111000000101" .TXT AT (754,5448) RECOLOR ON FLD_XYSCALE <13692 13258> TXTXYOFF <-1 237> T_PNTS (0,237)(0,0)(1402,0)(1402,306)(0,306)(0,237)(1402,237) .STR ITALICS ON FLD_XYSCALE <10000 10000> "Example:" .TMP AT (103,84) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <1 0 0 0> T_POS <103 84 9891 1922> .TXT AT (1125,197) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATED ON BACKFILL <7 7 0 0 0 0 0> THICKNESS 1 PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 1 0 111> V_SPACE <0 611 0> SIZE 440000 BOLD ON ITALICS OFF HOR_JUST CENTER L_SPACE 611 TXTXYOFF <-39 447> T_PNTS (0,447)(0,0)(7693,0)(7693,505)(0,505)(0,447)(7693,447) H_SPACE 9789 .STR "IP Addresses / IP Numbers" .TMP AT (103,2089) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <2 3 0 0> T_POS <103 2089 9891 7369> .TXT AT (44,2163) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATED ON BACKFILL <20 20 0 19 0 0 0> PARA <-500 500 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <56 444 0> SIZE 320000 BOLD OFF HOR_JUST LEFT L_SPACE 444 TXTXYOFF <10 322> T_PNTS (0,322)(0,0)(7402,0)(7402,2337)(0,2337)(0,322)(7402,322) .STR "IP number identifies a device (host)" .STR "\nGlobally unique for every host" .STR PARA <-500 1000 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <28 389 0> SIZE 280000 "\n\tWhy?" .STR PARA <-500 500 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <56 444 0> SIZE 320000 "\nIndependent of layer 2 addresses" .STR "\n32 bit binary number" END PICTURE NOTES .GRP BACKFILL <0 0 5 1000 0 0 0> PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 1 0 111> V_SPACE <0 500 0> FONT 5 SIZE 360000 ITALICS ON L_SPACE 500 MARGINS <250 250 500 125> .TMP AT (250,250) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <5 14 0 0> T_POS <250 250 7249 4875> .VOID .TMP AT (250,5125) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <6 15 0 0> T_POS <250 5125 7249 9749> .VOID END .GRP END NOTES SLIDE_INFO SLIDE_STYLE <0 -1 1> LAYOUT_ID <1 2 12 12 12> END SLIDE_INFO PICTURE .TXT AT (1213,3946) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <20 20 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 0 PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 34 0 111> V_SPACE <0 250 0> FONT 1 SIZE 180000 ITALICS OFF L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <0 0 0 0> FLD_XYSCALE <15218 14818> TXTXYOFF <-37 258> T_PNTS (0,258)(0,0)(7472,0)(7472,266)(0,266)(0,258)(7472,258) H_SPACE 0 .STR FLD_XYSCALE <10000 10000> "11001110 00011011 11101110 000000101" .TXT AT (1697,4949) RECOLOR ON HOR_JUST CENTER FLD_XYSCALE <15218 14818> TXTXYOFF <-12 258> T_PNTS (0,258)(0,0)(606,0)(606,266)(0,266)(0,258)(606,258) .STR FLD_XYSCALE <10000 10000> "206" .TXT AT (3722,4933) RECOLOR ON FLD_XYSCALE <15218 14762> TXTXYOFF <-12 257> T_PNTS (0,257)(0,0)(394,0)(394,258)(0,258)(0,257)(394,257) .STR FLD_XYSCALE <10000 10000> "27" .TXT AT (5623,4944) RECOLOR ON FLD_XYSCALE <15218 14762> T_PNTS (0,257)(0,0)(605,0)(605,265)(0,265)(0,257)(605,257) .STR FLD_XYSCALE <10000 10000> "238" .TXT AT (7569,4958) RECOLOR ON FLD_XYSCALE <15218 14762> TXTXYOFF <-9 249> T_PNTS (0,249)(0,0)(185,0)(185,257)(0,257)(0,249)(185,249) .STR FLD_XYSCALE <10000 10000> "5" .TXT AT (2993,5194) RECOLOR ON FLD_XYSCALE <15218 14818> TXTXYOFF <-31 40> T_PNTS (0,40)(0,0)(40,0)(40,41)(0,41)(0,40)(40,40) .STR FLD_XYSCALE <10000 10000> "." .TXT AT (4851,5167) RECOLOR ON FLD_XYSCALE <15218 14818> T_PNTS (0,40)(0,0)(40,0)(40,41)(0,41)(0,40)(40,40) .STR FLD_XYSCALE <10000 10000> "." .TXT AT (6773,5167) RECOLOR ON FLD_XYSCALE <15218 14818> T_PNTS (0,40)(0,0)(40,0)(40,41)(0,41)(0,40)(40,40) .STR FLD_XYSCALE <10000 10000> "." .TXT AT (46,5886) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <20 20 0 19 0 0 0> THICKNESS 1 PARA <-500 500 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <56 444 0> SIZE 320000 HOR_JUST LEFT L_SPACE 444 TXTXYOFF <12 318> T_PNTS (0,318)(0,0)(9197,0)(9197,1217)(0,1217)(0,318)(9197,318) H_SPACE 9789 .STR "\nThere is nothing special about the 8 bit boundaries; to the c omputer it is still a single 32 bit number" .LINE AT (2000,4400) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <34 2 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 28 R_ARROW 1 PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 34 0 111> V_SPACE <0 250 0> SIZE 180000 L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> PNTS (0,0)(0,500) .LINE AT (3930,4400) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(0,500) .LINE AT (5930,4400) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(0,500) .LINE AT (7705,4400) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(0,500) .TMP AT (103,84) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <1 0 0 0> T_POS <103 84 9891 1922> .TXT AT (1608,212) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATED ON BACKFILL <7 7 0 0 0 0 0> THICKNESS 1 R_ARROW 0 PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 1 0 111> V_SPACE <0 611 0> SIZE 440000 BOLD ON HOR_JUST CENTER L_SPACE 611 MARGINS <0 0 0 0> TXTXYOFF <-37 438> T_PNTS (0,438)(0,0)(6720,0)(6720,565)(0,565)(0,438)(6720,438) .STR "IP numbers (continued)" .TMP AT (103,2089) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <2 3 0 0> T_POS <103 2089 9891 7369> .TXT AT (41,2153) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATED ON BACKFILL <20 20 0 19 0 0 0> PARA <-500 500 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <56 444 0> SIZE 320000 BOLD OFF HOR_JUST LEFT L_SPACE 444 TXTXYOFF <10 326> T_PNTS (0,326)(0,0)(9184,0)(9184,1362)(0,1362)(0,326)(9184,326) .STR "Convert to decimal for convenience" .STR "\nGroup into bytes (8 bits) and convert each in turn; separate with periods" END PICTURE NOTES .GRP BACKFILL <0 0 5 1000 0 0 0> PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 1 0 111> V_SPACE <0 250 0> SIZE 180000 L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> .TMP AT (250,250) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <5 14 0 0> T_POS <250 250 7249 4875> .VOID .TMP AT (250,5125) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <6 15 0 0> T_POS <250 5125 7249 9749> .VOID END .GRP END NOTES SLIDE_INFO SLIDE_STYLE <0 -1 1> LAYOUT_ID <1 2 12 12 12> END SLIDE_INFO PICTURE .GRP .RECT AT (992,1742) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <23 2 5 1000 0 0 0> PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 34 0 111> PNTS (0,0)(1000,0)(1000,500)(0,500)(0,0) .RECT AT (1992,1742) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(1000,0)(1000,500)(0,500)(0,0) .RECT AT (2992,1742) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(1000,0)(1000,500)(0,500)(0,0) .RECT AT (3992,1742) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(1000,0)(1000,500)(0,500)(0,0) .RECT AT (4992,1742) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(1000,0)(1000,500)(0,500)(0,0) .RECT AT (5992,1742) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(1000,0)(1000,500)(0,500)(0,0) .RECT AT (6992,1742) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(1000,0)(1000,500)(0,500)(0,0) .RECT AT (7992,1742) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(1000,0)(1000,500)(0,500)(0,0) END .GRP .TXT AT (999,1749) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <20 20 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 0 V_SPACE <0 333 0> SIZE 240000 BOLD ON HOR_JUST CENTER L_SPACE 333 MARGINS <166 166 333 83> TXTXYOFF <0 0> PNTS (0,0)(993,0)(993,485)(0,485)(0,0) H_SPACE 0 .STR L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> "128" .TXT AT (1999,1759) RECOLOR ON L_SPACE 333 MARGINS <166 166 333 83> PNTS (0,0)(993,0)(993,485)(0,485)(0,0) .STR L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> "64" .TXT AT (2999,1758) RECOLOR ON L_SPACE 333 MARGINS <166 166 333 83> PNTS (0,0)(993,0)(993,485)(0,485)(0,0) .STR L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> "32" .TXT AT (3999,1758) RECOLOR ON L_SPACE 333 MARGINS <166 166 333 83> PNTS (0,0)(993,0)(993,485)(0,485)(0,0) .STR L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> "16" .TXT AT (4999,1758) RECOLOR ON L_SPACE 333 MARGINS <166 166 333 83> PNTS (0,0)(993,0)(993,485)(0,485)(0,0) .STR L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> "8" .TXT AT (5999,1758) RECOLOR ON L_SPACE 333 MARGINS <166 166 333 83> PNTS (0,0)(993,0)(993,485)(0,485)(0,0) .STR L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> "4" .TXT AT (6999,1758) RECOLOR ON L_SPACE 333 MARGINS <166 166 333 83> PNTS (0,0)(993,0)(993,485)(0,485)(0,0) .STR L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> "2" .TXT AT (7999,1758) RECOLOR ON L_SPACE 333 MARGINS <166 166 333 83> PNTS (0,0)(993,0)(993,485)(0,485)(0,0) .STR L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> "1" .TXT AT (1009,2984) RECOLOR ON L_SPACE 333 MARGINS <166 166 333 83> PNTS (0,0)(993,0)(993,485)(0,485)(0,0) .STR L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> "0" .TXT AT (2009,2994) RECOLOR ON L_SPACE 333 MARGINS <166 166 333 83> PNTS (0,0)(993,0)(993,485)(0,485)(0,0) .STR L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> "0" .TXT AT (3009,2993) RECOLOR ON L_SPACE 333 MARGINS <166 166 333 83> PNTS (0,0)(993,0)(993,485)(0,485)(0,0) .STR L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> "0" .TXT AT (4009,2993) RECOLOR ON L_SPACE 333 MARGINS <166 166 333 83> PNTS (0,0)(993,0)(993,485)(0,485)(0,0) .STR L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> "1" .TXT AT (5009,2993) RECOLOR ON L_SPACE 333 MARGINS <166 166 333 83> PNTS (0,0)(993,0)(993,485)(0,485)(0,0) .STR L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> "1" .TXT AT (6009,2993) RECOLOR ON L_SPACE 333 MARGINS <166 166 333 83> PNTS (0,0)(993,0)(993,485)(0,485)(0,0) .STR L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> "0" .TXT AT (7009,2993) RECOLOR ON L_SPACE 333 MARGINS <166 166 333 83> PNTS (0,0)(993,0)(993,485)(0,485)(0,0) .STR L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> "1" .TXT AT (8009,2993) RECOLOR ON L_SPACE 333 MARGINS <166 166 333 83> PNTS (0,0)(993,0)(993,485)(0,485)(0,0) .STR L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> "1" .TXT AT (4009,4248) RECOLOR ON L_SPACE 333 MARGINS <166 166 333 83> PNTS (0,0)(993,0)(993,485)(0,485)(0,0) .STR L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> "16" .TXT AT (5009,4248) RECOLOR ON L_SPACE 333 MARGINS <166 166 333 83> PNTS (0,0)(993,0)(993,485)(0,485)(0,0) .STR L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> "8" .TXT AT (7009,4248) RECOLOR ON L_SPACE 333 MARGINS <166 166 333 83> PNTS (0,0)(993,0)(993,485)(0,485)(0,0) .STR L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> "2" .TXT AT (8009,4248) RECOLOR ON L_SPACE 333 MARGINS <166 166 333 83> PNTS (0,0)(993,0)(993,485)(0,485)(0,0) .STR L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> "1" .LINE AT (1500,2235) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <34 2 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 1 R_ARROW 1 V_SPACE <0 250 0> SIZE 180000 BOLD OFF HOR_JUST LEFT PNTS (0,0)(0,750) .LINE AT (2500,2234) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(0,749) .LINE AT (3500,2233) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(0,749) .LINE AT (4500,2232) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(0,748) .LINE AT (5500,2232) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(0,748) .LINE AT (6500,2232) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(0,747) .LINE AT (7500,2232) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(0,747) .LINE AT (8500,2231) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(0,746) .LINE AT (4500,3483) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(0,748) .LINE AT (5500,3483) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(0,748) .LINE AT (7500,3483) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(0,747) .LINE AT (8500,3482) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(0,746) .TXT AT (4501,4251) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <20 20 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 0 R_ARROW 0 V_SPACE <0 333 0> SIZE 240000 BOLD ON HOR_JUST CENTER L_SPACE 333 MARGINS <166 166 333 83> PNTS (0,0)(993,0)(993,485)(0,485)(0,0) .STR L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> "+" .TXT AT (6005,4251) RECOLOR ON L_SPACE 333 MARGINS <166 166 333 83> PNTS (0,0)(993,0)(993,485)(0,485)(0,0) .STR L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> "+" .TXT AT (7506,4251) RECOLOR ON L_SPACE 333 MARGINS <166 166 333 83> PNTS (0,0)(993,0)(993,485)(0,485)(0,0) .STR L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> "+" .TXT AT (7000,5502) RECOLOR ON V_SPACE <0 500 0> SIZE 360000 L_SPACE 500 MARGINS <250 250 500 125> PNTS (0,0)(1995,0)(1995,733)(0,733)(0,0) .STR L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> "= 27" .TMP AT (103,84) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <1 0 0 0> T_POS <103 84 9891 1922> .TXT AT (730,212) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATED ON BACKFILL <7 7 0 0 0 0 0> THICKNESS 1 PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 1 0 111> V_SPACE <0 611 0> SIZE 440000 L_SPACE 611 MARGINS <0 0 0 0> TXTXYOFF <-45 438> T_PNTS (0,438)(0,0)(8483,0)(8483,570)(0,570)(0,438)(8483,438) H_SPACE 9789 .STR "Binary to Decimal conversion" END PICTURE NOTES .GRP BACKFILL <0 0 5 1000 0 0 0> V_SPACE <0 250 0> SIZE 180000 BOLD OFF HOR_JUST LEFT L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> .TMP AT (250,250) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <5 14 0 0> T_POS <250 250 7249 4875> .VOID .TMP AT (250,5125) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <6 15 0 0> T_POS <250 5125 7249 9749> .VOID END .GRP END NOTES SLIDE_INFO SLIDE_STYLE <0 -1 1> LAYOUT_ID <1 2 12 12 12> END SLIDE_INFO PICTURE .TXT AT (712,5358) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <20 20 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 0 PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 34 0 111> V_SPACE <0 333 0> SIZE 240000 L_SPACE 333 MARGINS <0 0 0 0> FLD_XYSCALE <15218 14818> TXTXYOFF <-49 344> T_PNTS (0,344)(0,0)(8833,0)(8833,355)(0,355)(0,344)(8833,344) H_SPACE 0 .STR L_SPACE 250 FLD_XYSCALE <10000 10000> "10010011000111000000000000100111" .TXT AT (706,3111) RECOLOR ON L_SPACE 333 FLD_XYSCALE <15218 14818> T_PNTS (0,344)(0,0)(8917,0)(8917,355)(0,355)(0,344)(8917,344) .STR L_SPACE 250 FLD_XYSCALE <10000 10000> "10000010001110110000101000011110" .TMP AT (103,84) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <1 0 0 0> T_POS <103 84 9891 1922> .TXT AT (2664,197) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATED ON BACKFILL <7 7 0 0 0 0 0> THICKNESS 1 PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 1 0 111> V_SPACE <0 611 0> SIZE 440000 BOLD ON HOR_JUST CENTER L_SPACE 611 TXTXYOFF <-26 447> T_PNTS (0,447)(0,0)(4592,0)(4592,577)(0,577)(0,447)(4592,447) H_SPACE 9789 .STR "Class Examples" .TMP AT (103,2089) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <2 3 0 0> T_POS <103 2089 9891 7369> .TXT AT (41,2156) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATED ON BACKFILL <20 20 0 19 0 0 0> PARA <-500 500 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <56 444 0> SIZE 320000 BOLD OFF HOR_JUST LEFT L_SPACE 444 TXTXYOFF <10 326> T_PNTS (0,326)(0,0)(9251,0)(9251,423)(0,423)(0,326)(9251,326) .STR "Convert the following IP numbers to decimal:" END PICTURE NOTES .GRP BACKFILL <0 0 5 1000 0 0 0> PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 1 0 111> V_SPACE <0 250 0> SIZE 180000 L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> .TMP AT (250,250) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <5 14 0 0> T_POS <250 250 7249 4875> .VOID .TMP AT (250,5125) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <6 15 0 0> T_POS <250 5125 7249 9749> .VOID END .GRP END NOTES SLIDE_INFO SLIDE_STYLE <0 -1 1> LAYOUT_ID <1 2 12 12 12> END SLIDE_INFO PICTURE .ELL AT (818,2221) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <34 2 5 1000 0 0 0> PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 34 0 111> START_ANGLE 0 END_ANGLE 3600 PNTS (0,0)(993,0)(993,500)(0,500)(0,0) .RECT AT (8500,5750) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <44 2 5 1000 0 0 0> PNTS (0,0)(2000,0)(2000,500)(0,500)(0,0) .RECT AT (2249,2252) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <23 2 5 1000 0 0 0> PNTS (0,0)(1000,0)(1000,500)(0,500)(0,0) .RECT AT (2248,2734) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(1000,0)(1000,500)(0,500)(0,0) .RECT AT (2258,3236) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(1000,0)(1000,500)(0,500)(0,0) .RECT AT (2257,3747) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(1000,0)(1000,500)(0,500)(0,0) .RECT AT (2258,4248) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(1000,0)(1000,500)(0,500)(0,0) .RECT AT (2258,4733) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(1000,0)(1000,500)(0,500)(0,0) .RECT AT (2258,5233) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(1000,0)(1000,500)(0,500)(0,0) .RECT AT (2258,5733) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(1000,0)(1000,500)(0,500)(0,0) .TXT AT (2256,2266) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <20 20 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 0 V_SPACE <0 333 0> SIZE 240000 BOLD ON HOR_JUST CENTER L_SPACE 333 MARGINS <166 166 333 83> TXTXYOFF <0 0> PNTS (0,0)(993,0)(993,485)(0,485)(0,0) H_SPACE 0 .STR L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> "128" .TXT AT (2249,2751) RECOLOR ON L_SPACE 333 MARGINS <166 166 333 83> PNTS (0,0)(993,0)(993,485)(0,485)(0,0) .STR L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> "64" .TXT AT (2259,3252) RECOLOR ON L_SPACE 333 MARGINS <166 166 333 83> PNTS (0,0)(993,0)(993,485)(0,485)(0,0) .STR L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> "32" .TXT AT (2258,3763) RECOLOR ON L_SPACE 333 MARGINS <166 166 333 83> PNTS (0,0)(993,0)(993,485)(0,485)(0,0) .STR L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> "16" .TXT AT (2259,4264) RECOLOR ON L_SPACE 333 MARGINS <166 166 333 83> PNTS (0,0)(993,0)(993,485)(0,485)(0,0) .STR L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> "8" .TXT AT (2259,4749) RECOLOR ON L_SPACE 333 MARGINS <166 166 333 83> PNTS (0,0)(993,0)(993,485)(0,485)(0,0) .STR L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> "4" .TXT AT (2259,5249) RECOLOR ON L_SPACE 333 MARGINS <166 166 333 83> PNTS (0,0)(993,0)(993,485)(0,485)(0,0) .STR L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> "2" .TXT AT (2259,5749) RECOLOR ON L_SPACE 333 MARGINS <166 166 333 83> PNTS (0,0)(993,0)(993,485)(0,485)(0,0) .STR L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> "1" .TXT AT (758,2251) RECOLOR ON HOR_JUST RIGHT L_SPACE 333 MARGINS <166 166 333 83> PNTS (0,0)(993,0)(993,485)(0,485)(0,0) .STR L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> "103" .TXT AT (758,2751) RECOLOR ON L_SPACE 333 MARGINS <166 166 333 83> PNTS (0,0)(993,0)(993,485)(0,485)(0,0) .STR L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> "103" .TXT AT (758,3250) RECOLOR ON L_SPACE 333 MARGINS <166 166 333 83> PNTS (0,0)(993,0)(993,485)(0,485)(0,0) .STR L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> "39" .TXT AT (758,3749) RECOLOR ON L_SPACE 333 MARGINS <166 166 333 83> PNTS (0,0)(993,0)(993,484)(0,484)(0,0) .STR L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> "7" .TXT AT (758,4248) RECOLOR ON L_SPACE 333 MARGINS <166 166 333 83> PNTS (0,0)(993,0)(993,484)(0,484)(0,0) .STR L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> "7" .TXT AT (758,4749) RECOLOR ON L_SPACE 333 MARGINS <166 166 333 83> PNTS (0,0)(993,0)(993,484)(0,484)(0,0) .STR L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> "7" .TXT AT (758,5248) RECOLOR ON L_SPACE 333 MARGINS <166 166 333 83> PNTS (0,0)(993,0)(993,484)(0,484)(0,0) .STR L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> "3" .TXT AT (758,5749) RECOLOR ON L_SPACE 333 MARGINS <166 166 333 83> PNTS (0,0)(993,0)(993,484)(0,484)(0,0) .STR L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> "1" .TXT AT (4256,2766) RECOLOR ON HOR_JUST CENTER L_SPACE 333 MARGINS <166 166 333 83> PNTS (0,0)(993,0)(993,485)(0,485)(0,0) .STR L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> "64" .TXT AT (4258,3264) RECOLOR ON L_SPACE 333 MARGINS <166 166 333 83> PNTS (0,0)(993,0)(993,485)(0,485)(0,0) .STR L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> "32" .TXT AT (4255,5249) RECOLOR ON L_SPACE 333 MARGINS <166 166 333 83> PNTS (0,0)(993,0)(993,485)(0,485)(0,0) .STR L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> "2" .TXT AT (4258,5764) RECOLOR ON L_SPACE 333 MARGINS <166 166 333 83> PNTS (0,0)(993,0)(993,485)(0,485)(0,0) .STR L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> "1" .TXT AT (-51,6628) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <20 20 0 19 0 0 0> THICKNESS 1 PARA <-500 500 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <56 444 0> SIZE 320000 BOLD OFF HOR_JUST LEFT L_SPACE 444 MARGINS <0 0 0 0> TXTXYOFF <10 326> T_PNTS (0,326)(0,0)(8187,0)(8187,423)(0,423)(0,326)(8187,326) H_SPACE 9789 .STR "Or cheat by using a conversion table :-)" .TXT AT (6008,2251) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <20 20 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 0 PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 34 0 111> V_SPACE <0 333 0> SIZE 240000 BOLD ON HOR_JUST RIGHT L_SPACE 333 MARGINS <166 166 333 83> TXTXYOFF <0 0> PNTS (0,0)(993,0)(993,485)(0,485)(0,0) H_SPACE 0 .STR L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> "0" .TXT AT (6008,2751) RECOLOR ON L_SPACE 333 MARGINS <166 166 333 83> PNTS (0,0)(993,0)(993,485)(0,485)(0,0) .STR L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> "1" .TXT AT (6008,3250) RECOLOR ON L_SPACE 333 MARGINS <166 166 333 83> PNTS (0,0)(993,0)(993,485)(0,485)(0,0) .STR L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> "1" .TXT AT (6008,3749) RECOLOR ON L_SPACE 333 MARGINS <166 166 333 83> PNTS (0,0)(993,0)(993,484)(0,484)(0,0) .STR L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> "0" .TXT AT (6008,4248) RECOLOR ON L_SPACE 333 MARGINS <166 166 333 83> PNTS (0,0)(993,0)(993,484)(0,484)(0,0) .STR L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> "0" .TXT AT (6008,4749) RECOLOR ON L_SPACE 333 MARGINS <166 166 333 83> PNTS (0,0)(993,0)(993,484)(0,484)(0,0) .STR L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> "1" .TXT AT (6008,5248) RECOLOR ON L_SPACE 333 MARGINS <166 166 333 83> PNTS (0,0)(993,0)(993,484)(0,484)(0,0) .STR L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> "1" .TXT AT (6008,5749) RECOLOR ON L_SPACE 333 MARGINS <166 166 333 83> PNTS (0,0)(993,0)(993,484)(0,484)(0,0) .STR L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> "1" .TXT AT (8501,5749) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <1 20 5 1000 0 0 0> HOR_JUST CENTER L_SPACE 333 MARGINS <166 166 333 83> PNTS (0,0)(1998,0)(1998,485)(0,485)(0,0) .STR L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> "01100111" .TXT AT (4259,4751) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <20 20 5 1000 0 0 0> L_SPACE 333 MARGINS <166 166 333 83> PNTS (0,0)(993,0)(993,485)(0,485)(0,0) .STR L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> "4" .LINE AT (7500,6000) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <34 2 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 56 R_ARROW 2 V_SPACE <0 250 0> SIZE 180000 BOLD OFF HOR_JUST LEFT PNTS (0,0)(750,0) .TMP AT (103,84) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <1 0 0 0> T_POS <103 84 9891 1922> .TXT AT (730,212) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATED ON BACKFILL <7 7 0 0 0 0 0> THICKNESS 1 R_ARROW 0 PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 1 0 111> V_SPACE <0 611 0> SIZE 440000 BOLD ON HOR_JUST CENTER L_SPACE 611 MARGINS <0 0 0 0> TXTXYOFF <-45 438> T_PNTS (0,438)(0,0)(8483,0)(8483,570)(0,570)(0,438)(8483,438) H_SPACE 9789 .STR "Decimal to Binary conversion" .TMP AT (103,2089) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <2 3 0 0> T_POS <103 2089 9891 7369> .TXT AT (-43,1384) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATED ON BACKFILL <20 20 0 19 0 0 0> PARA <-500 500 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <56 444 0> SIZE 320000 BOLD OFF HOR_JUST LEFT L_SPACE 444 TXTXYOFF <12 322> T_PNTS (0,322)(0,0)(7261,0)(7261,419)(0,419)(0,322)(7261,322) .STR "Keep subtracting to find all the bits" END PICTURE NOTES .GRP BACKFILL <0 0 5 1000 0 0 0> PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 1 0 111> V_SPACE <0 250 0> SIZE 180000 L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> .TMP AT (250,250) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <5 14 0 0> T_POS <250 250 7249 4875> .VOID .TMP AT (250,5125) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <6 15 0 0> T_POS <250 5125 7249 9749> .VOID END .GRP END NOTES SLIDE_INFO SLIDE_STYLE <0 -1 1> LAYOUT_ID <1 2 12 12 12> END SLIDE_INFO PICTURE .TXT AT (3100,3105) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <20 20 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 0 PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 34 0 111> V_SPACE <0 333 0> SIZE 240000 L_SPACE 333 MARGINS <0 0 0 0> FLD_XYSCALE <15218 14818> TXTXYOFF <-49 344> T_PNTS (0,344)(0,0)(3443,0)(3443,355)(0,355)(0,344)(3443,344) H_SPACE 0 .STR L_SPACE 250 FLD_XYSCALE <10000 10000> "128.223.162.27" .TMP AT (103,84) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <1 0 0 0> T_POS <103 84 9891 1922> .TXT AT (2837,203) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATED ON BACKFILL <7 7 0 0 0 0 0> THICKNESS 1 PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 1 0 111> V_SPACE <0 611 0> SIZE 440000 BOLD ON HOR_JUST CENTER L_SPACE 611 TXTXYOFF <-24 447> T_PNTS (0,447)(0,0)(4254,0)(4254,577)(0,577)(0,447)(4254,447) H_SPACE 9789 .STR "Class Example" .TMP AT (103,2089) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <2 3 0 0> T_POS <103 2089 9891 7369> .TXT AT (44,2159) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATED ON BACKFILL <20 20 0 19 0 0 0> PARA <-500 500 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <56 444 0> SIZE 320000 BOLD OFF HOR_JUST LEFT L_SPACE 444 TXTXYOFF <10 326> T_PNTS (0,326)(0,0)(8625,0)(8625,423)(0,423)(0,326)(8625,326) .STR "Convert the following IP number to binary" END PICTURE NOTES .GRP BACKFILL <0 0 5 1000 0 0 0> PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 1 0 111> V_SPACE <0 250 0> SIZE 180000 L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> .TMP AT (250,250) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <5 14 0 0> T_POS <250 250 7249 4875> .VOID .TMP AT (250,5125) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <6 15 0 0> T_POS <250 5125 7249 9749> .VOID END .GRP END NOTES SLIDE_INFO SLIDE_STYLE <0 -1 1> LAYOUT_ID <1 2 12 12 12> END SLIDE_INFO PICTURE .TXT AT (-51,3878) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <20 20 0 19 0 0 0> PARA <-500 500 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <56 444 0> SIZE 320000 L_SPACE 444 MARGINS <0 0 0 0> T_PNTS (0,326)(0,0)(6553,0)(6553,423)(0,423)(0,326)(6553,326) .STR "What is the largest IP number?" .TXT AT (-48,5628) RECOLOR ON T_PNTS (0,326)(0,0)(9190,0)(9190,423)(0,423)(0,326)(9190,326) .STR "How many IP numbers are there altogether?" .TMP AT (103,84) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <1 0 0 0> T_POS <103 84 9891 1922> .TXT AT (1396,211) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATED ON BACKFILL <7 7 0 0 0 0 0> PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 1 0 111> V_SPACE <0 611 0> SIZE 440000 BOLD ON HOR_JUST CENTER L_SPACE 611 TXTXYOFF <-45 439> T_PNTS (0,439)(0,0)(7175,0)(7175,569)(0,569)(0,439)(7175,439) .STR "Properties of IP numbers" .TMP AT (103,2089) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <2 3 0 0> T_POS <103 2089 9891 7369> .TXT AT (-40,2132) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATED ON BACKFILL <20 20 0 19 0 0 0> PARA <-500 500 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <56 444 0> SIZE 320000 BOLD OFF HOR_JUST LEFT L_SPACE 444 TXTXYOFF <12 326> T_PNTS (0,326)(0,0)(6847,0)(6847,333)(0,333)(0,326)(6847,326) .STR "What is the smallest IP number?" END PICTURE NOTES .GRP BACKFILL <0 0 5 1000 0 0 0> PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 1 0 111> V_SPACE <0 250 0> SIZE 180000 L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> .TMP AT (250,250) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <5 14 0 0> T_POS <250 250 7249 4875> .VOID .TMP AT (250,5125) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <6 15 0 0> T_POS <250 5125 7249 9749> .VOID END .GRP END NOTES SLIDE_INFO SLIDE_STYLE <0 -1 1> LAYOUT_ID <1 2 12 12 12> END SLIDE_INFO PICTURE .TMP AT (103,84) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <1 0 0 0> T_POS <103 84 9891 1922> .TXT AT (486,203) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATED ON BACKFILL <7 7 0 0 0 0 0> V_SPACE <0 611 0> SIZE 440000 BOLD ON HOR_JUST CENTER L_SPACE 611 MARGINS <0 0 0 0> TXTXYOFF <-3 447> T_PNTS (0,447)(0,0)(8921,0)(8921,579)(0,579)(0,447)(8921,447) .STR "Where do you get IP numbers?" .TMP AT (103,2089) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <2 3 0 0> T_POS <103 2089 9891 7369> .TXT AT (38,2158) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATED ON BACKFILL <20 20 0 19 0 0 0> PARA <-500 500 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <56 444 0> SIZE 320000 BOLD OFF HOR_JUST LEFT L_SPACE 444 TXTXYOFF <12 318> T_PNTS (0,318)(0,0)(9193,0)(9193,4442)(0,4442)(0,318)(9193,318) .STR "We must ensure they are unique" .STR "\nGet a block of IP addresses from upstream provider (Local Int ernet Registry)" .STR "\nLocal registry gets larger block from regional registry" .STR PARA <-500 1000 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <28 389 0> SIZE 280000 "\n\tARIN (Americas), " .STR "RIPE (Europe), " .STR "APNIC (Asia/Pacific), LACNIC (Latin America/Carribean), AFRINIC (Africa)" .STR PARA <-500 500 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <56 444 0> SIZE 320000 "\nRegional registry gets them from IANA - the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority" END PICTURE NOTES .GRP BACKFILL <0 0 5 1000 0 0 0> PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 1 0 111> V_SPACE <0 250 0> SIZE 180000 L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> .TMP AT (250,250) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <5 14 0 0> T_POS <250 250 7249 4875> .VOID .TMP AT (250,5125) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <6 15 0 0> T_POS <250 5125 7249 9749> .VOID END .GRP END NOTES SLIDE_INFO SLIDE_STYLE <0 -1 1> LAYOUT_ID <1 2 12 12 12> END SLIDE_INFO PICTURE .POL AT (249,1499) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <34 2 5 1000 0 0 0> PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 34 0 111> PNTS (0,0)(10249,0)(10249,500)(0,500)(0,0) .TXT AT (210,1208) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <20 20 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 0 HOR_JUST CENTER MARGINS <0 0 0 0> TXTXYOFF <-7 174> T_PNTS (0,174)(0,0)(747,0)(747,179)(0,179)(0,174)(747,174) H_SPACE 0 .STR "0.0.0.0" .TXT AT (8712,1205) RECOLOR ON T_PNTS (0,174)(0,0)(1858,0)(1858,179)(0,179)(0,174)(1858,174) .STR "255.255.255.255" .TXT AT (249,1590) RECOLOR ON V_SPACE <0 333 0> BOLD ON MARGINS <125 125 250 62> TXTXYOFF <0 0> PNTS (0,0)(10249,0)(10249,500)(0,500)(0,0) .STR BACKFILL <1 20 5 1000 0 0 0> SIZE 240000 "IANA" .POL AT (3749,2752) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <23 2 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 1 V_SPACE <0 250 0> SIZE 180000 BOLD OFF HOR_JUST LEFT PNTS (0,0)(5000,0)(5000,500)(0,500)(0,0) .TXT AT (3749,2839) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <20 20 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 0 V_SPACE <0 333 0> BOLD ON HOR_JUST CENTER PNTS (0,0)(5000,0)(5000,500)(0,500)(0,0) .STR BACKFILL <1 20 5 1000 0 0 0> SIZE 240000 "RIPE" .POL AT (5498,3999) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <12 2 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 1 V_SPACE <0 250 0> SIZE 180000 BOLD OFF HOR_JUST LEFT PNTS (0,0)(2002,0)(2002,500)(0,500)(0,0) .TXT AT (5498,4091) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <20 20 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 0 V_SPACE <0 333 0> BOLD ON HOR_JUST CENTER PNTS (0,0)(2002,0)(2002,500)(0,500)(0,0) .STR BACKFILL <1 20 5 1000 0 0 0> SIZE 240000 "ISP" .POL AT (6499,5248) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <42 2 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 1 V_SPACE <0 250 0> SIZE 180000 BOLD OFF HOR_JUST LEFT PNTS (0,0)(750,0)(750,500)(0,500)(0,0) .TXT AT (6249,5194) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <20 20 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 0 HOR_JUST CENTER PNTS (0,0)(1249,0)(1249,791)(0,791)(0,0) .STR BACKFILL <1 20 5 1000 0 0 0> "End User" .LINE AT (3750,2000) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <34 2 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 1 R_ARROW 1 HOR_JUST LEFT PNTS (0,0)(0,750) .LINE AT (8750,2000) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(0,750) .LINE AT (5500,3250) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(0,750) .LINE AT (7500,3250) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(0,750) .LINE AT (6500,4500) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(0,750) .LINE AT (7250,4500) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(0,750) .TMP AT (103,84) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <1 0 0 0> T_POS <103 84 9891 1922> .TXT AT (1149,205) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATED ON BACKFILL <7 7 0 0 0 0 0> R_ARROW 0 PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 1 0 111> V_SPACE <0 611 0> SIZE 440000 BOLD ON HOR_JUST CENTER L_SPACE 611 MARGINS <0 0 0 0> TXTXYOFF <1 439> T_PNTS (0,439)(0,0)(7594,0)(7594,450)(0,450)(0,439)(7594,439) H_SPACE 9789 .STR "Allocation of IP addresses" END PICTURE NOTES .GRP BACKFILL <0 0 5 1000 0 0 0> V_SPACE <0 250 0> SIZE 180000 BOLD OFF HOR_JUST LEFT L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> .TMP AT (250,250) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <5 14 0 0> T_POS <250 250 7249 4875> .VOID .TMP AT (250,5125) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <6 15 0 0> T_POS <250 5125 7249 9749> .VOID END .GRP END NOTES SLIDE_INFO SLIDE_STYLE <0 -1 1> LAYOUT_ID <1 2 12 12 12> END SLIDE_INFO PICTURE .TMP AT (103,84) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <1 0 0 0> T_POS <103 84 9891 1922> .TXT AT (1026,206) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATED ON BACKFILL <7 7 0 0 0 0 0> V_SPACE <0 611 0> SIZE 440000 BOLD ON HOR_JUST CENTER L_SPACE 611 MARGINS <0 0 0 0> TXTXYOFF <-65 438> T_PNTS (0,438)(0,0)(7887,0)(7887,449)(0,449)(0,438)(7887,438) .STR "\"Provider-based allocation\"" .TMP AT (103,2089) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <2 3 0 0> T_POS <103 2089 9891 7369> .TXT AT (44,2160) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATED ON BACKFILL <20 20 0 19 0 0 0> PARA <-500 500 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <56 444 0> SIZE 320000 BOLD OFF HOR_JUST LEFT L_SPACE 444 TXTXYOFF <10 322> T_PNTS (0,322)(0,0)(9296,0)(9296,2808)(0,2808)(0,322)(9296,322) .STR "Ensures uniquess of IP addresses" .STR "\nAddresses used by one ISP are contiguous" .STR "\nThis helps keep routing tables small - see later" .STR "\nUnfortunately means that if you change ISP, you have to renum ber your network" END PICTURE NOTES .GRP BACKFILL <0 0 5 1000 0 0 0> PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 1 0 111> V_SPACE <0 250 0> SIZE 180000 L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> .TMP AT (250,250) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <5 14 0 0> T_POS <250 250 7249 4875> .VOID .TMP AT (250,5125) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <6 15 0 0> T_POS <250 5125 7249 9749> .VOID END .GRP END NOTES SLIDE_INFO SLIDE_STYLE <0 -1 1> LAYOUT_ID <1 2 12 12 12> END SLIDE_INFO PICTURE .TXT AT (1176,5184) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <20 20 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 0 PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 34 0 111> MARGINS <0 0 0 0> FLD_XYSCALE <15218 14818> TXTXYOFF <-14 271> T_PNTS (0,271)(0,0)(2924,0)(2924,306)(0,306)(0,271)(2924,271) H_SPACE 0 .STR FLD_XYSCALE <10000 10000> "206.27.244.64/27" .TXT AT (999,4708) RECOLOR ON FLD_XYSCALE <13692 13258> TXTXYOFF <-1 237> T_PNTS (0,237)(0,0)(1402,0)(1402,306)(0,306)(0,237)(1402,237) .STR ITALICS ON FLD_XYSCALE <10000 10000> "Example:" .TMP AT (103,84) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <1 0 0 0> T_POS <103 84 9891 1922> .TXT AT (2380,212) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATED ON BACKFILL <7 7 0 0 0 0 0> THICKNESS 1 PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 1 0 111> V_SPACE <0 611 0> SIZE 440000 BOLD ON ITALICS OFF HOR_JUST CENTER L_SPACE 611 TXTXYOFF <-37 438> T_PNTS (0,438)(0,0)(5187,0)(5187,570)(0,570)(0,438)(5187,438) H_SPACE 9789 .STR "IP address ranges" .TMP AT (103,2089) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <2 3 0 0> T_POS <103 2089 9891 7369> .TXT AT (44,2156) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATED ON BACKFILL <20 20 0 19 0 0 0> PARA <-500 500 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <56 444 0> SIZE 320000 BOLD OFF HOR_JUST LEFT L_SPACE 444 TXTXYOFF <10 326> T_PNTS (0,326)(0,0)(9162,0)(9162,1868)(0,1868)(0,326)(9162,326) .STR "IP ranges are given as PREFIXES" .STR "\nFirst \"n\" bits of number are fixed, remaining bits you are free to allocate" .STR "\nn is called the Prefix Length and is written" .STR BOLD ON " /n" END PICTURE NOTES .GRP BACKFILL <0 0 5 1000 0 0 0> PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 1 0 111> V_SPACE <0 250 0> SIZE 180000 BOLD OFF L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> .TMP AT (250,250) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <5 14 0 0> T_POS <250 250 7249 4875> .VOID .TMP AT (250,5125) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <6 15 0 0> T_POS <250 5125 7249 9749> .VOID END .GRP END NOTES SLIDE_INFO SLIDE_STYLE <0 -1 1> LAYOUT_ID <1 2 12 12 12> END SLIDE_INFO PICTURE .TXT AT (537,4857) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <20 20 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 0 PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 34 0 111> V_SPACE <0 333 0> SIZE 240000 L_SPACE 333 MARGINS <0 0 0 0> FLD_XYSCALE <15218 14818> TXTXYOFF <-49 344> T_PNTS (0,344)(0,0)(8917,0)(8917,355)(0,355)(0,344)(8917,344) H_SPACE 0 .STR BACKFILL <7 20 5 1000 0 0 0> L_SPACE 250 FLD_XYSCALE <10000 10000> "110011100001101111110100010" .STR BACKFILL <34 20 5 1000 0 0 0> L_SPACE 333 FLD_XYSCALE <15218 14818> "00000" .LINE AT (8126,4750) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <34 2 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 28 V_SPACE <0 250 0> SIZE 180000 L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> FLD_XYSCALE <10000 10000> PNTS (0,0)(0,1750) .TXT AT (3532,5433) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <20 20 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 0 V_SPACE <0 333 0> HOR_JUST CENTER MARGINS <0 0 0 0> TXTXYOFF <-10 241> T_PNTS (0,241)(0,0)(2423,0)(2423,578)(0,578)(0,241)(2423,241) .STR SIZE 240000 "27 bits of prefix -\nFixed" .TXT AT (8136,5465) RECOLOR ON SIZE 180000 TXTXYOFF <1 238> T_PNTS (0,238)(0,0)(1838,0)(1838,909)(0,909)(0,238)(1838,238) .STR SIZE 240000 "5 bits\nhost number\n- free to use" .TXT AT (436,3111) RECOLOR ON HOR_JUST LEFT L_SPACE 333 FLD_XYSCALE <15218 14818> TXTXYOFF <-49 344> T_PNTS (0,344)(0,0)(9760,0)(9760,355)(0,355)(0,344)(9760,344) .STR L_SPACE 250 FLD_XYSCALE <10000 10000> "11001110 00011011 11110100 010" .STR L_SPACE 333 FLD_XYSCALE <15218 14818> "00000" .TXT AT (105,2249) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <1 20 5 1000 0 0 0> BOLD ON MARGINS <166 166 333 83> FLD_XYSCALE <10000 10000> TXTXYOFF <0 0> PNTS (0,0)(10500,0)(10500,500)(0,500)(0,0) .STR L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> "1. Convert to binary" .TXT AT (105,3999) RECOLOR ON L_SPACE 333 MARGINS <166 166 333 83> PNTS (0,0)(10500,0)(10500,500)(0,500)(0,0) .STR L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> "2. Treat as 32 bit number, divide at prefix" .TMP AT (103,84) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <1 0 0 0> T_POS <103 84 9891 1922> .TXT AT (2830,211) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATED ON BACKFILL <7 7 0 0 0 0 0> THICKNESS 1 PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 1 0 111> V_SPACE <0 611 0> SIZE 440000 HOR_JUST CENTER L_SPACE 611 MARGINS <0 0 0 0> TXTXYOFF <-45 439> T_PNTS (0,439)(0,0)(4302,0)(4302,569)(0,569)(0,439)(4302,439) H_SPACE 9789 .STR "Prefix Example" .TMP AT (103,2089) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <2 3 0 0> T_POS <103 2089 9891 7369> .TXT AT (60,1380) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATED ON BACKFILL <20 20 0 19 0 0 0> PARA <-500 500 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <56 444 0> SIZE 320000 BOLD OFF HOR_JUST LEFT L_SPACE 444 TXTXYOFF <12 326> T_PNTS (0,326)(0,0)(3949,0)(3949,369)(0,369)(0,326)(3949,326) .STR "206.27.244.64/27" END PICTURE NOTES .GRP BACKFILL <0 0 5 1000 0 0 0> PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 1 0 111> V_SPACE <0 250 0> SIZE 180000 L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> .TMP AT (250,250) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <5 14 0 0> T_POS <250 250 7249 4875> .VOID .TMP AT (250,5125) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <6 15 0 0> T_POS <250 5125 7249 9749> .VOID END .GRP END NOTES SLIDE_INFO SLIDE_STYLE <0 -1 1> LAYOUT_ID <0 1 2 3 3> END SLIDE_INFO PICTURE .TXT AT (712,2110) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <20 20 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 0 PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 34 0 111> V_SPACE <0 333 0> SIZE 240000 L_SPACE 333 MARGINS <0 0 0 0> FLD_XYSCALE <15218 14818> TXTXYOFF <-49 344> T_PNTS (0,344)(0,0)(8917,0)(8917,355)(0,355)(0,344)(8917,344) H_SPACE 0 .STR BACKFILL <7 20 5 1000 0 0 0> L_SPACE 250 FLD_XYSCALE <10000 10000> "110011100001101111110100010" .STR BACKFILL <34 20 5 1000 0 0 0> L_SPACE 333 FLD_XYSCALE <15218 14818> "00000" .TXT AT (712,5111) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <20 20 5 1000 0 0 0> T_PNTS (0,344)(0,0)(8833,0)(8833,355)(0,355)(0,344)(8833,344) .STR BACKFILL <7 20 5 1000 0 0 0> L_SPACE 250 FLD_XYSCALE <10000 10000> "110011100001101111110100010" .STR BACKFILL <34 20 5 1000 0 0 0> L_SPACE 333 FLD_XYSCALE <15218 14818> "11111" .LINE AT (8293,2086) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <34 2 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 1 V_SPACE <0 250 0> SIZE 180000 L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> FLD_XYSCALE <10000 10000> PNTS (0,0)(0,502) .LINE AT (8296,5089) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(0,502) .TXT AT (249,1251) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <1 20 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 0 V_SPACE <0 333 0> SIZE 240000 BOLD ON L_SPACE 333 MARGINS <166 166 333 83> TXTXYOFF <0 0> PNTS (0,0)(10500,0)(10500,500)(0,500)(0,0) .STR L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> "3. Calculate lowest IP number and convert back to decimal" .TXT AT (251,4499) RECOLOR ON L_SPACE 333 MARGINS <166 166 333 83> PNTS (0,0)(10500,0)(10500,500)(0,500)(0,0) .STR L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> "4. Calculate highest IP number and convert back to decimal" .TXT AT (712,2865) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <20 20 5 1000 0 0 0> BOLD OFF L_SPACE 333 MARGINS <0 0 0 0> FLD_XYSCALE <15218 14818> TXTXYOFF <-49 344> T_PNTS (0,344)(0,0)(9760,0)(9760,355)(0,355)(0,344)(9760,344) .STR L_SPACE 250 FLD_XYSCALE <10000 10000> "11001110 00011011 11110100 010" .STR L_SPACE 333 FLD_XYSCALE <15218 14818> "00000" .TXT AT (712,5865) RECOLOR ON T_PNTS (0,344)(0,0)(9675,0)(9675,355)(0,355)(0,344)(9675,344) .STR L_SPACE 250 FLD_XYSCALE <10000 10000> "11001110 00011011 11110100 01011111" .TXT AT (706,3604) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <27 20 5 1000 0 0 0> L_SPACE 333 FLD_XYSCALE <15218 14818> TXTXYOFF <-17 344> T_PNTS (0,344)(0,0)(3196,0)(3196,355)(0,355)(0,344)(3196,344) .STR L_SPACE 250 FLD_XYSCALE <10000 10000> "206.27.244.64" .TXT AT (706,6607) RECOLOR ON L_SPACE 333 FLD_XYSCALE <15218 14818> T_PNTS (0,344)(0,0)(3191,0)(3191,355)(0,355)(0,344)(3191,344) .STR L_SPACE 250 FLD_XYSCALE <10000 10000> "206.27.244.95" .GRP BACKFILL <1 0 0 0 0 0 0> LINEFILL <1 2 5 1000 0 0 0> SHADOW <6 0 15 15> THICKNESS 1 PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 1 0 111> V_SPACE <0 250 0> FONT 0 SIZE 180000 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> .POL AT (264,2331) BACKFILL <1 0 0 5 0 0 0> THICKNESS 0 PNTS (234,0)(222,2)(210,2)(202,2)(195,5)(182,8)(172,12)(160,14) (148,19)(139,24)(128,29)(118,35)(108,42)(98,49)(89,56)(80,64) (72,72)(63,81)(56,90)(51,99)(42,107)(37,120)(30,129)(26,138) (19,150)(16,163)(12,173)(10,185)(5,198)(5,209)(2,222)(1,235) (0,247)(0,433)(1,420)(2,408)(5,396)(5,385)(10,381)(12,370) (16,359)(19,347)(26,336)(30,327)(37,315)(42,306)(51,296)(56,288) (63,278)(72,270)(80,261)(89,253)(98,247)(108,240)(118,233) (128,226)(139,222)(148,217)(160,212)(172,208)(182,204)(195,202) (202,200)(210,199)(222,198)(234,198)(234,0) .POL AT (269,2578) BACKFILL <51 0 0 5 0 0 0> PNTS (398,336)(233,519)(233,433)(219,433)(207,431)(197,430)(192,428) (180,425)(168,422)(158,417)(147,412)(136,409)(126,403)(116,397) (105,391)(97,385)(87,376)(78,369)(69,361)(62,352)(54,343)(46,334) (40,323)(33,314)(28,305)(23,294)(16,281)(14,272)(8,260)(5,249) (5,236)(0,225)(0,213)(0,201)(0,186)(0,0)(0,12)(0,24)(0,36) (5,49)(5,60)(8,73)(14,84)(16,94)(23,107)(28,118)(33,127)(40,138) (46,138)(54,146)(62,155)(69,164)(78,172)(87,180)(97,187)(105,194) (116,201)(126,207)(136,213)(147,217)(158,222)(168,225)(180,229) (192,231)(197,233)(207,235)(219,236)(233,236)(233,158)(398,336) .POL AT (498,2912) BACKFILL <1 0 0 5 0 0 0> PNTS (6,185)(1,184)(168,0)(172,3)(4,187)(0,185)(4,187)(0,192)(0,185) (6,185) .POL AT (498,3008) PNTS (4,0)(6,3)(6,89)(0,89)(0,3)(4,5)(4,0)(6,0)(6,3)(4,0) .POL AT (264,2764) PNTS (5,0)(6,0)(5,15)(6,27)(10,38)(10,50)(13,61)(17,74)(19,85)(26,95) (29,107)(35,116)(40,127)(46,137)(54,146)(61,155)(69,164)(76,173) (84,181)(92,189)(102,196)(112,202)(121,209)(132,215)(141,219) (153,226)(163,231)(175,234)(186,238)(198,239)(202,242)(212,244) (224,244)(238,244)(238,249)(224,249)(212,247)(202,247)(197,244) (185,240)(173,238)(162,234)(152,231)(140,224)(131,219)(118,213) (109,207)(99,199)(90,192)(82,184)(73,175)(64,167)(57,159)(51,150) (44,139)(37,128)(31,119)(26,109)(19,97)(16,87)(12,74)(10,63) (5,50)(5,39)(3,27)(1,15)(0,0)(0,0)(5,0) .POL AT (264,2578) PNTS (0,0)(5,0)(5,186)(0,186)(0,0)(5,0)(0,0) .POL AT (264,2578) PNTS (240,236)(238,239)(224,237)(212,236)(202,235)(197,233)(185,231) (173,227)(162,224)(152,218)(140,214)(131,208)(118,202)(109,196) (99,189)(90,182)(82,173)(73,165)(64,157)(57,147)(51,138)(44,138) (37,129)(31,118)(26,107)(19,95)(16,85)(12,74)(10,60)(5,49) (5,36)(3,24)(1,12)(0,0)(5,0)(5,12)(6,24)(10,35)(10,49)(13,60) (17,72)(19,83)(26,94)(29,105)(35,115)(40,125)(46,136)(54,138) (61,145)(69,154)(76,163)(84,170)(92,178)(102,185)(112,193) (121,199)(132,204)(141,209)(153,216)(163,218)(175,223)(186,226) (198,229)(202,231)(212,232)(224,234)(238,234)(234,236)(240,236) .POL AT (498,2731) PNTS (1,7)(6,5)(6,83)(0,83)(0,5)(4,4)(0,5)(0,0)(4,4)(1,7) .POL AT (499,2735) PNTS (167,177)(167,180)(0,3)(3,0)(171,177)(171,180)(171,177)(172,179) (171,180)(167,177) END .GRP .GRP BACKFILL <1 0 0 0 0 0 0> THICKNESS 1 .POL AT (251,3228) BACKFILL <1 0 0 5 0 0 0> THICKNESS 0 PNTS (234,0)(222,2)(210,2)(202,2)(195,5)(182,8)(172,12)(160,14) (148,19)(139,24)(128,29)(118,35)(108,42)(98,49)(89,56)(80,64) (72,72)(63,81)(56,90)(51,99)(42,107)(37,120)(30,129)(26,138) (19,150)(16,163)(12,173)(10,185)(5,198)(5,209)(2,222)(1,235) (0,247)(0,433)(1,420)(2,408)(5,396)(5,385)(10,381)(12,370) (16,359)(19,347)(26,336)(30,327)(37,315)(42,306)(51,296)(56,288) (63,278)(72,270)(80,261)(89,253)(98,247)(108,240)(118,233) (128,226)(139,222)(148,217)(160,212)(172,208)(182,204)(195,202) (202,200)(210,199)(222,198)(234,198)(234,0) .POL AT (256,3475) BACKFILL <51 0 0 5 0 0 0> PNTS (398,336)(233,519)(233,433)(219,433)(207,431)(197,430)(192,428) (180,425)(168,422)(158,417)(147,412)(136,409)(126,403)(116,397) (105,391)(97,385)(87,376)(78,369)(69,361)(62,352)(54,343)(46,334) (40,323)(33,314)(28,305)(23,294)(16,281)(14,272)(8,260)(5,249) (5,236)(0,225)(0,213)(0,201)(0,186)(0,0)(0,12)(0,24)(0,36) (5,49)(5,60)(8,73)(14,84)(16,94)(23,107)(28,118)(33,127)(40,138) (46,138)(54,146)(62,155)(69,164)(78,172)(87,180)(97,187)(105,194) (116,201)(126,207)(136,213)(147,217)(158,222)(168,225)(180,229) (192,231)(197,233)(207,235)(219,236)(233,236)(233,158)(398,336) .POL AT (485,3809) BACKFILL <1 0 0 5 0 0 0> PNTS (6,185)(1,184)(168,0)(172,3)(4,187)(0,185)(4,187)(0,192)(0,185) (6,185) .POL AT (485,3905) PNTS (4,0)(6,3)(6,89)(0,89)(0,3)(4,5)(4,0)(6,0)(6,3)(4,0) .POL AT (251,3661) PNTS (5,0)(6,0)(5,15)(6,27)(10,38)(10,50)(13,61)(17,74)(19,85)(26,95) (29,107)(35,116)(40,127)(46,137)(54,146)(61,155)(69,164)(76,173) (84,181)(92,189)(102,196)(112,202)(121,209)(132,215)(141,219) (153,226)(163,231)(175,234)(186,238)(198,239)(202,242)(212,244) (224,244)(238,244)(238,249)(224,249)(212,247)(202,247)(197,244) (185,240)(173,238)(162,234)(152,231)(140,224)(131,219)(118,213) (109,207)(99,199)(90,192)(82,184)(73,175)(64,167)(57,159)(51,150) (44,139)(37,128)(31,119)(26,109)(19,97)(16,87)(12,74)(10,63) (5,50)(5,39)(3,27)(1,15)(0,0)(0,0)(5,0) .POL AT (251,3475) PNTS (0,0)(5,0)(5,186)(0,186)(0,0)(5,0)(0,0) .POL AT (251,3475) PNTS (240,236)(238,239)(224,237)(212,236)(202,235)(197,233)(185,231) (173,227)(162,224)(152,218)(140,214)(131,208)(118,202)(109,196) (99,189)(90,182)(82,173)(73,165)(64,157)(57,147)(51,138)(44,138) (37,129)(31,118)(26,107)(19,95)(16,85)(12,74)(10,60)(5,49) (5,36)(3,24)(1,12)(0,0)(5,0)(5,12)(6,24)(10,35)(10,49)(13,60) (17,72)(19,83)(26,94)(29,105)(35,115)(40,125)(46,136)(54,138) (61,145)(69,154)(76,163)(84,170)(92,178)(102,185)(112,193) (121,199)(132,204)(141,209)(153,216)(163,218)(175,223)(186,226) (198,229)(202,231)(212,232)(224,234)(238,234)(234,236)(240,236) .POL AT (485,3628) PNTS (1,7)(6,5)(6,83)(0,83)(0,5)(4,4)(0,5)(0,0)(4,4)(1,7) .POL AT (486,3632) PNTS (167,177)(167,180)(0,3)(3,0)(171,177)(171,180)(171,177)(172,179) (171,180)(167,177) END .GRP .GRP BACKFILL <1 0 0 0 0 0 0> THICKNESS 1 .POL AT (297,5329) BACKFILL <1 0 0 5 0 0 0> THICKNESS 0 PNTS (234,0)(222,2)(210,2)(202,2)(195,5)(182,8)(172,12)(160,14) (148,19)(139,24)(128,29)(118,35)(108,42)(98,49)(89,56)(80,64) (72,72)(63,81)(56,90)(51,99)(42,107)(37,120)(30,129)(26,138) (19,150)(16,163)(12,173)(10,185)(5,198)(5,209)(2,222)(1,235) (0,247)(0,433)(1,420)(2,408)(5,396)(5,385)(10,381)(12,370) (16,359)(19,347)(26,336)(30,327)(37,315)(42,306)(51,296)(56,288) (63,278)(72,270)(80,261)(89,253)(98,247)(108,240)(118,233) (128,226)(139,222)(148,217)(160,212)(172,208)(182,204)(195,202) (202,200)(210,199)(222,198)(234,198)(234,0) .POL AT (302,5576) BACKFILL <51 0 0 5 0 0 0> PNTS (398,336)(233,519)(233,433)(219,433)(207,431)(197,430)(192,428) (180,425)(168,422)(158,417)(147,412)(136,409)(126,403)(116,397) (105,391)(97,385)(87,376)(78,369)(69,361)(62,352)(54,343)(46,334) (40,323)(33,314)(28,305)(23,294)(16,281)(14,272)(8,260)(5,249) (5,236)(0,225)(0,213)(0,201)(0,186)(0,0)(0,12)(0,24)(0,36) (5,49)(5,60)(8,73)(14,84)(16,94)(23,107)(28,118)(33,127)(40,138) (46,138)(54,146)(62,155)(69,164)(78,172)(87,180)(97,187)(105,194) (116,201)(126,207)(136,213)(147,217)(158,222)(168,225)(180,229) (192,231)(197,233)(207,235)(219,236)(233,236)(233,158)(398,336) .POL AT (531,5910) BACKFILL <1 0 0 5 0 0 0> PNTS (6,185)(1,184)(168,0)(172,3)(4,187)(0,185)(4,187)(0,192)(0,185) (6,185) .POL AT (531,6006) PNTS (4,0)(6,3)(6,89)(0,89)(0,3)(4,5)(4,0)(6,0)(6,3)(4,0) .POL AT (297,5762) PNTS (5,0)(6,0)(5,15)(6,27)(10,38)(10,50)(13,61)(17,74)(19,85)(26,95) (29,107)(35,116)(40,127)(46,137)(54,146)(61,155)(69,164)(76,173) (84,181)(92,189)(102,196)(112,202)(121,209)(132,215)(141,219) (153,226)(163,231)(175,234)(186,238)(198,239)(202,242)(212,244) (224,244)(238,244)(238,249)(224,249)(212,247)(202,247)(197,244) (185,240)(173,238)(162,234)(152,231)(140,224)(131,219)(118,213) (109,207)(99,199)(90,192)(82,184)(73,175)(64,167)(57,159)(51,150) (44,139)(37,128)(31,119)(26,109)(19,97)(16,87)(12,74)(10,63) (5,50)(5,39)(3,27)(1,15)(0,0)(0,0)(5,0) .POL AT (297,5576) PNTS (0,0)(5,0)(5,186)(0,186)(0,0)(5,0)(0,0) .POL AT (297,5576) PNTS (240,236)(238,239)(224,237)(212,236)(202,235)(197,233)(185,231) (173,227)(162,224)(152,218)(140,214)(131,208)(118,202)(109,196) (99,189)(90,182)(82,173)(73,165)(64,157)(57,147)(51,138)(44,138) (37,129)(31,118)(26,107)(19,95)(16,85)(12,74)(10,60)(5,49) (5,36)(3,24)(1,12)(0,0)(5,0)(5,12)(6,24)(10,35)(10,49)(13,60) (17,72)(19,83)(26,94)(29,105)(35,115)(40,125)(46,136)(54,138) (61,145)(69,154)(76,163)(84,170)(92,178)(102,185)(112,193) (121,199)(132,204)(141,209)(153,216)(163,218)(175,223)(186,226) (198,229)(202,231)(212,232)(224,234)(238,234)(234,236)(240,236) .POL AT (531,5729) PNTS (1,7)(6,5)(6,83)(0,83)(0,5)(4,4)(0,5)(0,0)(4,4)(1,7) .POL AT (532,5733) PNTS (167,177)(167,180)(0,3)(3,0)(171,177)(171,180)(171,177)(172,179) (171,180)(167,177) END .GRP .GRP BACKFILL <1 0 0 0 0 0 0> THICKNESS 1 .POL AT (284,6226) BACKFILL <1 0 0 5 0 0 0> THICKNESS 0 PNTS (234,0)(222,2)(210,2)(202,2)(195,5)(182,8)(172,12)(160,14) (148,19)(139,24)(128,29)(118,35)(108,42)(98,49)(89,56)(80,64) (72,72)(63,81)(56,90)(51,99)(42,107)(37,120)(30,129)(26,138) (19,150)(16,163)(12,173)(10,185)(5,198)(5,209)(2,222)(1,235) (0,247)(0,433)(1,420)(2,408)(5,396)(5,385)(10,381)(12,370) (16,359)(19,347)(26,336)(30,327)(37,315)(42,306)(51,296)(56,288) (63,278)(72,270)(80,261)(89,253)(98,247)(108,240)(118,233) (128,226)(139,222)(148,217)(160,212)(172,208)(182,204)(195,202) (202,200)(210,199)(222,198)(234,198)(234,0) .POL AT (289,6473) BACKFILL <51 0 0 5 0 0 0> PNTS (398,336)(233,519)(233,433)(219,433)(207,431)(197,430)(192,428) (180,425)(168,422)(158,417)(147,412)(136,409)(126,403)(116,397) (105,391)(97,385)(87,376)(78,369)(69,361)(62,352)(54,343)(46,334) (40,323)(33,314)(28,305)(23,294)(16,281)(14,272)(8,260)(5,249) (5,236)(0,225)(0,213)(0,201)(0,186)(0,0)(0,12)(0,24)(0,36) (5,49)(5,60)(8,73)(14,84)(16,94)(23,107)(28,118)(33,127)(40,138) (46,138)(54,146)(62,155)(69,164)(78,172)(87,180)(97,187)(105,194) (116,201)(126,207)(136,213)(147,217)(158,222)(168,225)(180,229) (192,231)(197,233)(207,235)(219,236)(233,236)(233,158)(398,336) .POL AT (518,6807) BACKFILL <1 0 0 5 0 0 0> PNTS (6,185)(1,184)(168,0)(172,3)(4,187)(0,185)(4,187)(0,192)(0,185) (6,185) .POL AT (518,6903) PNTS (4,0)(6,3)(6,89)(0,89)(0,3)(4,5)(4,0)(6,0)(6,3)(4,0) .POL AT (284,6659) PNTS (5,0)(6,0)(5,15)(6,27)(10,38)(10,50)(13,61)(17,74)(19,85)(26,95) (29,107)(35,116)(40,127)(46,137)(54,146)(61,155)(69,164)(76,173) (84,181)(92,189)(102,196)(112,202)(121,209)(132,215)(141,219) (153,226)(163,231)(175,234)(186,238)(198,239)(202,242)(212,244) (224,244)(238,244)(238,249)(224,249)(212,247)(202,247)(197,244) (185,240)(173,238)(162,234)(152,231)(140,224)(131,219)(118,213) (109,207)(99,199)(90,192)(82,184)(73,175)(64,167)(57,159)(51,150) (44,139)(37,128)(31,119)(26,109)(19,97)(16,87)(12,74)(10,63) (5,50)(5,39)(3,27)(1,15)(0,0)(0,0)(5,0) .POL AT (284,6473) PNTS (0,0)(5,0)(5,186)(0,186)(0,0)(5,0)(0,0) .POL AT (284,6473) PNTS (240,236)(238,239)(224,237)(212,236)(202,235)(197,233)(185,231) (173,227)(162,224)(152,218)(140,214)(131,208)(118,202)(109,196) (99,189)(90,182)(82,173)(73,165)(64,157)(57,147)(51,138)(44,138) (37,129)(31,118)(26,107)(19,95)(16,85)(12,74)(10,60)(5,49) (5,36)(3,24)(1,12)(0,0)(5,0)(5,12)(6,24)(10,35)(10,49)(13,60) (17,72)(19,83)(26,94)(29,105)(35,115)(40,125)(46,136)(54,138) (61,145)(69,154)(76,163)(84,170)(92,178)(102,185)(112,193) (121,199)(132,204)(141,209)(153,216)(163,218)(175,223)(186,226) (198,229)(202,231)(212,232)(224,234)(238,234)(234,236)(240,236) .POL AT (518,6626) PNTS (1,7)(6,5)(6,83)(0,83)(0,5)(4,4)(0,5)(0,0)(4,4)(1,7) .POL AT (519,6630) PNTS (167,177)(167,180)(0,3)(3,0)(171,177)(171,180)(171,177)(172,179) (171,180)(167,177) END .GRP .LINE AT (8354,2560) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <34 2 5 1000 0 0 0> LINEFILL <21 21 5 1000 0 0 0> SHADOW <11 0 15 15> THICKNESS 56 PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 34 0 111> FONT 1 PNTS (0,0)(1250,0) .LINE AT (8354,5560) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(1250,0) .TMP AT (103,84) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <1 1 0 0> T_POS <103 84 9891 1922> .TXT AT (1082,211) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATED ON BACKFILL <7 7 0 0 0 0 0> THICKNESS 1 PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 1 0 111> V_SPACE <0 611 0> SIZE 440000 BOLD ON HOR_JUST CENTER L_SPACE 611 MARGINS <0 0 0 0> TXTXYOFF <-43 439> T_PNTS (0,439)(0,0)(7766,0)(7766,569)(0,569)(0,439)(7766,439) H_SPACE 9789 .STR "Prefix Example (continued)" END PICTURE NOTES .GRP BACKFILL <0 0 5 1000 0 0 0> V_SPACE <0 250 0> SIZE 180000 BOLD OFF HOR_JUST LEFT L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> .TMP AT (250,250) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <5 14 0 0> T_POS <250 250 7249 4875> .VOID .TMP AT (250,5125) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <6 15 0 0> T_POS <250 5125 7249 9749> .VOID END .GRP END NOTES SLIDE_INFO SLIDE_STYLE <0 -1 1> LAYOUT_ID <1 2 12 12 12> END SLIDE_INFO PICTURE .TMP AT (103,84) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <1 0 0 0> T_POS <103 84 9891 1922> .TXT AT (1082,211) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATED ON BACKFILL <7 7 0 0 0 0 0> V_SPACE <0 611 0> SIZE 440000 BOLD ON HOR_JUST CENTER L_SPACE 611 MARGINS <0 0 0 0> T_PNTS (0,439)(0,0)(7766,0)(7766,569)(0,569)(0,439)(7766,439) .STR "Prefix Example (continued)" .TMP AT (103,2089) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <2 3 0 0> T_POS <103 2089 9891 7369> .TXT AT (44,2156) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATED ON BACKFILL <20 20 0 19 0 0 0> PARA <-500 500 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <56 444 0> SIZE 320000 BOLD OFF HOR_JUST LEFT L_SPACE 444 TXTXYOFF <10 326> T_PNTS (0,326)(0,0)(8508,0)(8508,868)(0,868)(0,326)(8508,326) .STR "How many IP numbers does a /27 prefix give you?" END PICTURE NOTES .GRP BACKFILL <0 0 5 1000 0 0 0> PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 1 0 111> V_SPACE <0 250 0> SIZE 180000 L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> .TMP AT (250,250) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <5 14 0 0> T_POS <250 250 7249 4875> .VOID .TMP AT (250,5125) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <6 15 0 0> T_POS <250 5125 7249 9749> .VOID END .GRP END NOTES SLIDE_INFO SLIDE_STYLE <0 -1 1> LAYOUT_ID <1 2 12 12 12> END SLIDE_INFO PICTURE .TXT AT (756,2865) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <27 20 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 0 PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 34 0 111> V_SPACE <0 333 0> SIZE 240000 L_SPACE 333 MARGINS <0 0 0 0> FLD_XYSCALE <15218 14818> TXTXYOFF <-17 344> T_PNTS (0,344)(0,0)(3196,0)(3196,355)(0,355)(0,344)(3196,344) H_SPACE 0 .STR L_SPACE 250 FLD_XYSCALE <10000 10000> "206.27.244.64" .TXT AT (706,3754) RECOLOR ON L_SPACE 333 FLD_XYSCALE <15218 14818> TXTXYOFF <-17 361> T_PNTS (0,361)(0,0)(3896,0)(3896,407)(0,407)(0,361)(3896,361) .STR L_SPACE 250 FLD_XYSCALE <10000 10000> "206.27.244.64/27" .TXT AT (5209,2955) RECOLOR ON L_SPACE 333 FLD_XYSCALE <15218 14818> TXTXYOFF <-17 271> T_PNTS (0,271)(0,0)(2784,0)(2784,279)(0,279)(0,271)(2784,271) .STR BACKFILL <20 20 5 1000 0 0 0> V_SPACE <0 250 0> SIZE 180000 L_SPACE 250 FLD_XYSCALE <10000 10000> "- One IP number" .TXT AT (5209,3818) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <27 20 5 1000 0 0 0> V_SPACE <0 333 0> SIZE 240000 L_SPACE 333 FLD_XYSCALE <15218 14818> TXTXYOFF <-17 269> T_PNTS (0,269)(0,0)(5094,0)(5094,351)(0,351)(0,269)(5094,269) .STR BACKFILL <20 20 5 1000 0 0 0> V_SPACE <0 250 0> SIZE 180000 L_SPACE 250 FLD_XYSCALE <10000 10000> "- A whole " .STR ITALICS ON L_SPACE 333 FLD_XYSCALE <15218 14818> "range" .STR ITALICS OFF " of IP numbers" .TXT AT (80,5377) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <20 20 0 19 0 0 0> THICKNESS 1 PARA <-500 500 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <56 444 0> SIZE 320000 L_SPACE 444 FLD_XYSCALE <10000 10000> TXTXYOFF <10 326> T_PNTS (0,326)(0,0)(7929,0)(7929,423)(0,423)(0,326)(7929,326) H_SPACE 9789 .STR "A /32 prefix is also a single IP number" .TMP AT (103,84) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <1 0 0 0> T_POS <103 84 9891 1922> .TXT AT (1449,211) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATED ON BACKFILL <7 7 0 0 0 0 0> PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 1 0 111> V_SPACE <0 611 0> SIZE 440000 BOLD ON HOR_JUST CENTER L_SPACE 611 TXTXYOFF <-45 439> T_PNTS (0,439)(0,0)(7041,0)(7041,450)(0,450)(0,439)(7041,439) .STR "Prefixes and IP numbers" .TMP AT (103,2089) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <2 3 0 0> T_POS <103 2089 9891 7369> .TXT AT (80,1637) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATED ON BACKFILL <20 20 0 19 0 0 0> PARA <-500 500 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <56 444 0> SIZE 320000 BOLD OFF HOR_JUST LEFT L_SPACE 444 TXTXYOFF <10 322> T_PNTS (0,322)(0,0)(8975,0)(8975,773)(0,773)(0,322)(8975,322) .STR "Notice the difference between a Prefix and an IP number" END PICTURE NOTES .GRP BACKFILL <0 0 5 1000 0 0 0> PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 1 0 111> V_SPACE <0 250 0> SIZE 180000 L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> .TMP AT (250,250) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <5 14 0 0> T_POS <250 250 7249 4875> .VOID .TMP AT (250,5125) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <6 15 0 0> T_POS <250 5125 7249 9749> .VOID END .GRP END NOTES SLIDE_INFO SLIDE_STYLE <0 -1 1> LAYOUT_ID <1 2 12 12 12> END SLIDE_INFO PICTURE .TXT AT (-11,2003) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <20 20 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 0 PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 34 0 111> V_SPACE <0 500 0> TXTXYOFF <0 0> PNTS (0,0)(750,0)(750,1002)(0,1002)(0,0) H_SPACE 0 .STR SIZE 360000 "1." .TXT AT (751,2001) RECOLOR ON SIZE 180000 PNTS (0,0)(9750,0)(9750,1503)(0,1503)(0,0) .STR SIZE 360000 "All hosts on the same network (layer 2) must have the SAME uniq ue prefix" .TXT AT (-11,3748) RECOLOR ON SIZE 180000 PNTS (0,0)(750,0)(750,1002)(0,1002)(0,0) .STR SIZE 360000 "2." .TXT AT (751,3746) RECOLOR ON SIZE 180000 PNTS (0,0)(9750,0)(9750,1503)(0,1503)(0,0) .STR SIZE 360000 "All hosts must have DIFFERENT host numbers (the part after the prefix)" .TXT AT (-11,5498) RECOLOR ON SIZE 180000 PNTS (0,0)(750,0)(750,1002)(0,1002)(0,0) .STR SIZE 360000 "3." .TXT AT (751,5496) RECOLOR ON SIZE 180000 PNTS (0,0)(9750,0)(9750,1503)(0,1503)(0,0) .STR SIZE 360000 "Host numbers of all 0's and all 1's are reserved and must not b e used for hosts" .TMP AT (103,84) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <1 0 0 0> T_POS <103 84 9891 1922> .TXT AT (103,203) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATED ON BACKFILL <7 7 0 0 0 0 0> THICKNESS 1 PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 1 0 111> V_SPACE <0 611 0> SIZE 440000 BOLD ON HOR_JUST CENTER L_SPACE 611 MARGINS <0 0 0 0> TXTXYOFF <-6 447> T_PNTS (0,447)(0,0)(9701,0)(9701,1070)(0,1070)(0,447)(9701,447) H_SPACE 9789 .STR "The \"Golden Rules\" for allocating IP numbers" END PICTURE NOTES .GRP BACKFILL <0 0 5 1000 0 0 0> V_SPACE <0 250 0> SIZE 180000 BOLD OFF HOR_JUST LEFT L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> .TMP AT (250,250) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <5 14 0 0> T_POS <250 250 7249 4875> .VOID .TMP AT (250,5125) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <6 15 0 0> T_POS <250 5125 7249 9749> .VOID END .GRP END NOTES SLIDE_INFO SLIDE_STYLE <0 -1 1> LAYOUT_ID <1 2 12 12 12> END SLIDE_INFO PICTURE .TXT AT (210,2207) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <20 20 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 0 PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 34 0 111> MARGINS <0 0 0 0> FLD_XYSCALE <15218 14818> TXTXYOFF <-37 258> T_PNTS (0,258)(0,0)(6687,0)(6687,266)(0,266)(0,258)(6687,258) H_SPACE 0 .STR BACKFILL <7 20 5 1000 0 0 0> FLD_XYSCALE <10000 10000> "110011100001101111110100010" .STR BACKFILL <34 20 5 1000 0 0 0> L_SPACE 333 FLD_XYSCALE <15218 14818> "00000" .TXT AT (201,2704) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <20 20 5 1000 0 0 0> L_SPACE 250 T_PNTS (0,258)(0,0)(6625,0)(6625,266)(0,266)(0,258)(6625,258) .STR BACKFILL <7 20 5 1000 0 0 0> FLD_XYSCALE <10000 10000> "110011100001101111110100010" .STR BACKFILL <34 20 5 1000 0 0 0> L_SPACE 333 FLD_XYSCALE <15218 14818> "00001" .TXT AT (201,3202) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <20 20 5 1000 0 0 0> L_SPACE 250 T_PNTS (0,258)(0,0)(6687,0)(6687,266)(0,266)(0,258)(6687,258) .STR BACKFILL <7 20 5 1000 0 0 0> FLD_XYSCALE <10000 10000> "110011100001101111110100010" .STR BACKFILL <34 20 5 1000 0 0 0> L_SPACE 333 FLD_XYSCALE <15218 14818> "00010" .TXT AT (210,5951) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <20 20 5 1000 0 0 0> L_SPACE 250 T_PNTS (0,258)(0,0)(6687,0)(6687,266)(0,266)(0,258)(6687,258) .STR BACKFILL <7 20 5 1000 0 0 0> FLD_XYSCALE <10000 10000> "110011100001101111110100010" .STR BACKFILL <34 20 5 1000 0 0 0> FLD_XYSCALE <15218 14818> "11110" .TXT AT (210,6448) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <20 20 5 1000 0 0 0> T_PNTS (0,258)(0,0)(6625,0)(6625,266)(0,266)(0,258)(6625,258) .STR BACKFILL <7 20 5 1000 0 0 0> FLD_XYSCALE <10000 10000> "110011100001101111110100010" .STR BACKFILL <34 20 5 1000 0 0 0> L_SPACE 333 FLD_XYSCALE <15218 14818> "11111" .TXT AT (60,1380) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <20 20 0 19 0 0 0> THICKNESS 1 PARA <-500 500 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <56 444 0> SIZE 320000 L_SPACE 444 FLD_XYSCALE <10000 10000> TXTXYOFF <12 326> T_PNTS (0,326)(0,0)(3949,0)(3949,369)(0,369)(0,326)(3949,326) H_SPACE 9789 .STR "206.27.244.64/27" .TXT AT (210,3690) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <20 20 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 0 PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 34 0 111> V_SPACE <0 250 0> SIZE 180000 L_SPACE 250 FLD_XYSCALE <15218 14818> TXTXYOFF <-37 258> T_PNTS (0,258)(0,0)(6625,0)(6625,266)(0,266)(0,258)(6625,258) H_SPACE 0 .STR BACKFILL <7 20 5 1000 0 0 0> FLD_XYSCALE <10000 10000> "110011100001101111110100010" .STR BACKFILL <34 20 5 1000 0 0 0> L_SPACE 333 FLD_XYSCALE <15218 14818> "00011" .TXT AT (201,4200) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <20 20 5 1000 0 0 0> L_SPACE 250 T_PNTS (0,258)(0,0)(6687,0)(6687,266)(0,266)(0,258)(6687,258) .STR BACKFILL <7 20 5 1000 0 0 0> FLD_XYSCALE <10000 10000> "110011100001101111110100010" .STR BACKFILL <34 20 5 1000 0 0 0> L_SPACE 333 FLD_XYSCALE <15218 14818> "00100" .LINE AT (3750,4750) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <34 2 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 222 STYLE 2 L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> FLD_XYSCALE <10000 10000> PNTS (0,0)(0,1000) .TXT AT (8211,2198) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <20 20 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 0 STYLE 0 V_SPACE <0 167 0> SIZE 120000 L_SPACE 167 MARGINS <0 0 0 0> FLD_XYSCALE <15218 14818> TXTXYOFF <-24 179> T_PNTS (0,179)(0,0)(2045,0)(2045,231)(0,231)(0,179)(2045,179) .STR BACKFILL <7 20 5 1000 0 0 0> L_SPACE 250 FLD_XYSCALE <10000 10000> "(Network Address)" .TXT AT (8224,6463) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <20 20 5 1000 0 0 0> L_SPACE 167 FLD_XYSCALE <15218 14818> T_PNTS (0,179)(0,0)(2256,0)(2256,231)(0,231)(0,179)(2256,179) .STR BACKFILL <7 20 5 1000 0 0 0> L_SPACE 250 FLD_XYSCALE <10000 10000> "(Broadcast Address)" .TXT AT (7414,2120) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <1 20 5 1000 0 0 0> V_SPACE <0 500 0> FONT 4 SIZE 180000 TXTXYOFF <-18 352> T_PNTS (0,352)(0,0)(304,0)(304,359)(0,359)(0,352)(304,352) .STR SIZE 360000 "8" .TXT AT (7403,6351) RECOLOR ON SIZE 180000 T_PNTS (0,352)(0,0)(304,0)(304,359)(0,359)(0,352)(304,352) .STR SIZE 360000 "8" .TXT AT (7360,2631) RECOLOR ON SIZE 180000 TXTXYOFF <-17 352> T_PNTS (0,352)(0,0)(344,0)(344,359)(0,359)(0,352)(344,352) .STR SIZE 360000 "3" .TXT AT (7363,3164) RECOLOR ON SIZE 180000 T_PNTS (0,352)(0,0)(344,0)(344,359)(0,359)(0,352)(344,352) .STR SIZE 360000 "3" .TXT AT (7363,3649) RECOLOR ON SIZE 180000 T_PNTS (0,352)(0,0)(344,0)(344,359)(0,359)(0,352)(344,352) .STR SIZE 360000 "3" .TXT AT (7363,4164) RECOLOR ON SIZE 180000 T_PNTS (0,352)(0,0)(344,0)(344,359)(0,359)(0,352)(344,352) .STR SIZE 360000 "3" .TXT AT (7458,5852) RECOLOR ON SIZE 180000 T_PNTS (0,352)(0,0)(344,0)(344,359)(0,359)(0,352)(344,352) .STR SIZE 360000 "3" .TMP AT (103,84) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <1 0 0 0> T_POS <103 84 9891 1922> .TXT AT (1576,197) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATED ON BACKFILL <7 7 0 0 0 0 0> THICKNESS 1 PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 1 0 111> V_SPACE <0 611 0> FONT 1 SIZE 440000 BOLD ON HOR_JUST CENTER L_SPACE 611 TXTXYOFF <-43 447> T_PNTS (0,447)(0,0)(6805,0)(6805,579)(0,579)(0,447)(6805,447) H_SPACE 9789 .STR "Using the Golden Rules" END PICTURE NOTES .GRP BACKFILL <0 0 5 1000 0 0 0> V_SPACE <0 250 0> SIZE 180000 BOLD OFF HOR_JUST LEFT L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> .TMP AT (250,250) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <5 14 0 0> T_POS <250 250 7249 4875> .VOID .TMP AT (250,5125) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <6 15 0 0> T_POS <250 5125 7249 9749> .VOID END .GRP END NOTES SLIDE_INFO SLIDE_STYLE <0 -1 1> LAYOUT_ID <1 2 12 12 12> END SLIDE_INFO PICTURE .TMP AT (103,84) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <1 0 0 0> T_POS <103 84 9891 1922> .TXT AT (1549,197) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATED ON BACKFILL <7 7 0 0 0 0 0> V_SPACE <0 611 0> SIZE 440000 BOLD ON HOR_JUST CENTER L_SPACE 611 MARGINS <0 0 0 0> TXTXYOFF <-3 447> T_PNTS (0,447)(0,0)(6790,0)(6790,579)(0,579)(0,447)(6790,447) .STR "Why the Golden Rules?" .TMP AT (103,2089) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <2 3 0 0> T_POS <103 2089 9891 7369> .TXT AT (44,2160) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATED ON BACKFILL <20 20 0 19 0 0 0> PARA <-500 500 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <56 444 0> SIZE 320000 BOLD OFF HOR_JUST LEFT L_SPACE 444 TXTXYOFF <10 322> T_PNTS (0,322)(0,0)(9240,0)(9240,1358)(0,1358)(0,322)(9240,322) .STR "Just looking at " .STR ITALICS ON "one" .STR ITALICS OFF " prefix gives you the path to " .STR ITALICS ON "all" .STR ITALICS OFF " the hosts on a network" .STR "\nEnsure uniqueness of IP addresses" END PICTURE NOTES .GRP BACKFILL <0 0 5 1000 0 0 0> PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 1 0 111> V_SPACE <0 250 0> SIZE 180000 L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> .TMP AT (250,250) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <5 14 0 0> T_POS <250 250 7249 4875> .VOID .TMP AT (250,5125) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <6 15 0 0> T_POS <250 5125 7249 9749> .VOID END .GRP END NOTES SLIDE_INFO SLIDE_STYLE <0 -1 1> LAYOUT_ID <1 2 12 12 12> END SLIDE_INFO PICTURE .TMP AT (103,84) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <1 0 0 0> T_POS <103 84 9891 1922> .TXT AT (2760,212) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATED ON BACKFILL <7 7 0 0 0 0 0> V_SPACE <0 611 0> SIZE 440000 BOLD ON HOR_JUST CENTER L_SPACE 611 MARGINS <0 0 0 0> TXTXYOFF <-43 438> T_PNTS (0,438)(0,0)(4405,0)(4405,568)(0,568)(0,438)(4405,438) .STR "More Examples" END PICTURE NOTES .GRP BACKFILL <0 0 5 1000 0 0 0> V_SPACE <0 250 0> SIZE 180000 BOLD OFF HOR_JUST LEFT L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> .TMP AT (250,250) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <5 14 0 0> T_POS <250 250 7249 4875> .VOID .TMP AT (250,5125) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <6 15 0 0> T_POS <250 5125 7249 9749> .VOID END .GRP END NOTES SLIDE_INFO SLIDE_STYLE <0 -1 1> LAYOUT_ID <9 12 12 12 12> END SLIDE_INFO PICTURE .TXT AT (1992,242) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <7 7 0 0 0 0 0> V_SPACE <0 611 0> SIZE 440000 BOLD ON HOR_JUST CENTER L_SPACE 611 MARGINS <0 0 0 0> TXTXYOFF <-65 447> T_PNTS (0,447)(0,0)(6043,0)(6043,460)(0,460)(0,447)(6043,447) .STR "\"Classful\" addresses" .TXT AT (77,2200) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <20 20 0 19 0 0 0> PARA <-500 500 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <56 444 0> SIZE 320000 BOLD OFF HOR_JUST LEFT L_SPACE 444 TXTXYOFF <10 318> T_PNTS (0,318)(0,0)(9218,0)(9218,4900)(0,4900)(0,318)(9218,318) .STR "In the old days, IP space was broken up into fixed \"classes\"" .STR PARA <-500 1000 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <28 389 0> SIZE 280000 "\n\tClass A: addresses beginning with '0' (binary)" .STR PARA <-500 1500 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <28 333 0> SIZE 240000 "\n0-127.x.x.x, Prefix length /8" .STR PARA <-500 1000 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <28 389 0> SIZE 280000 "\n\tClass B: addresses beginning with '10'" .STR PARA <-500 1500 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <28 333 0> SIZE 240000 "\n\t\t128-191.x.x.x, Prefix length /16" .STR PARA <-500 1000 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <28 389 0> SIZE 280000 "\n\tClass C: addresses beginning with '110'" .STR PARA <-500 1500 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <28 333 0> SIZE 240000 "\n\t\t191-223.x.x.x.x, Prefix length /24" .STR PARA <-500 500 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <56 444 0> SIZE 320000 "\nThis was wasteful of IP addresses" .STR PARA <-500 1000 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <28 389 0> SIZE 280000 "\n\tNow have CIDR: Classless Interdomain Routing" .STR "\n\tBut Class D (224-239), Class E (240-255) still special case s" END PICTURE NOTES .GRP BACKFILL <20 0 5 1000 0 0 0> PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 1 0 111> V_SPACE <0 250 0> SIZE 180000 L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> .TMP AT (250,250) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <5 14 0 0> T_POS <250 250 7249 4875> .VOID .TMP AT (250,5125) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <6 15 0 0> T_POS <250 5125 7249 9749> .VOID END .GRP END NOTES SLIDE_INFO SLIDE_STYLE <0 -1 1> LAYOUT_ID <9 12 12 12 12> END SLIDE_INFO PICTURE .TXT AT (983,296) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <7 7 0 0 0 0 0> V_SPACE <0 611 0> SIZE 440000 BOLD ON HOR_JUST CENTER L_SPACE 611 MARGINS <0 0 0 0> TXTXYOFF <-127 439> T_PNTS (0,439)(0,0)(8317,0)(8317,1182)(0,1182)(0,439)(8317,439) .STR "Nowadays, prefixes must be given explicitly" .TXT AT (119,2235) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <20 20 0 19 0 0 0> PARA <-500 500 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <56 444 0> SIZE 320000 BOLD OFF HOR_JUST LEFT L_SPACE 444 TXTXYOFF <10 326> T_PNTS (0,326)(0,0)(8207,0)(8207,3447)(0,3447)(0,326)(8207,326) .STR "Some software lets you enter e.g. \"/27\"" .STR "\nOlder software requires you to enter a \"netmask\"" .STR PARA <-500 1000 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <28 389 0> SIZE 280000 "\n\t/27 = 27 ones followed by 5 zeros" .STR "\n\t11111111 11111111 11111111 11100000" .STR "\n\t255.255.255.224 (decimal)" .STR "\n\t0xffffffe0 (hex)" .STR PARA <-500 500 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <56 444 0> SIZE 320000 "\nJust use a conversion table" END PICTURE NOTES .GRP BACKFILL <20 0 5 1000 0 0 0> PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 1 0 111> V_SPACE <0 250 0> SIZE 180000 L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> .TMP AT (250,250) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <5 14 0 0> T_POS <250 250 7249 4875> .VOID .TMP AT (250,5125) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <6 15 0 0> T_POS <250 5125 7249 9749> .VOID END .GRP END NOTES *END GRAPHICS