*BEGIN GRAPHICS VERSION=442/420 ENCODING=7BIT ** "Creator" brian ** "Creation Date" Sat Jul 11 21:03:31 1998 ** "Revisor" brian ** "Last Modified" Sat Jan 1 14:23:39 2005 COLORMAP <"Transparent" 0 0 0 0 0 1> <"Black" 0 0 0 0 255 0> <"White" 0 0 0 0 0 0> <"Grey 95" 0 0 0 0 13 0> <"Grey 87" 0 0 0 0 33 0> <"Grey 75" 0 0 0 0 64 0> <"Grey 50" 0 0 0 0 128 0> <"Red" 0 0 255 255 0 0> <"Red 95" 0 13 255 255 0 0> <"Red 87" 0 33 255 255 0 0> <"Red 75" 0 64 255 255 0 0> <"Red 50" 0 128 255 255 0 0> <"Green" 0 255 0 255 0 0> <"Green 95" 0 255 13 255 0 0> <"Green 87" 0 255 33 255 0 0> <"Green 75" 0 255 64 255 0 0> <"Green 50" 0 255 128 255 0 0> <"Blue" 0 255 255 0 0 0> <"Blue 95" 0 255 255 13 0 0> <"Blue 87" 0 255 255 33 0 0> <"Blue 75" 0 255 255 64 0 0> <"Blue 50" 0 255 255 128 0 0> <"Yellow" 0 0 0 255 0 0> <"Yellow 95" 0 0 0 255 13 0> <"Yellow 87" 0 0 0 255 33 0> <"Yellow 75" 0 0 0 255 64 0> <"Yellow 50" 0 0 0 255 128 0> <"Magenta" 0 0 255 0 0 0> <"Magenta 95" 0 0 255 0 13 0> <"Magenta 87" 0 0 255 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N_ATTR2 N_ATTR3 PARA <0 1000 0 0 1000 1 0 111> END N_ATTR3 N_ATTR4 PARA <0 1500 0 0 1000 1 0 111> END N_ATTR4 N_ATTR5 PARA <0 2000 0 0 1000 1 0 111> END N_ATTR5 SLIDE_INFO SLIDE_STYLE <0 -1 1> END SLIDE_INFO .GRP BACKFILL <1 0 0 0 0 0 0> PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 1 0 111> V_SPACE <250 250 0> FONT 0 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> END .GRP END NOTES_MASTER SLIDE_INFO SLIDE_STYLE <0 -1 1> LAYOUT_ID <9 12 12 12 12> END SLIDE_INFO PICTURE .TXT AT (415,218) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <7 7 0 0 0 0 0> LINEFILL <21 21 5 1000 0 0 0> SHADOW <11 0 15 15> V_SPACE <0 611 0> FONT 1 SIZE 440000 BOLD ON HOR_JUST CENTER L_SPACE 611 MARGINS <0 0 0 0> TXTXYOFF <1 439> T_PNTS (0,439)(0,0)(9086,0)(9086,450)(0,450)(0,439)(9086,439) H_SPACE 9789 .STR "A Brief Introduction to Ethernet" .TXT AT (49,2169) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <20 20 0 19 0 0 0> PARA <-500 500 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <56 444 0> SIZE 320000 BOLD OFF HOR_JUST LEFT L_SPACE 444 TXTXYOFF <12 322> T_PNTS (0,322)(0,0)(9265,0)(9265,2808)(0,2808)(0,322)(9265,322) .STR "A common medium for IP LANs - cheap, fast and easy to build" .STR "\nActually a collection of related standards" .STR "\nThe more common ones listed here" .STR "\nRemember, at layer 1 we are concerned with wiring rules and b its per second only" END PICTURE NOTES .GRP BACKFILL <20 0 5 1000 0 0 0> PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 1 0 111> V_SPACE <0 250 0> SIZE 180000 L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> .TMP AT (250,250) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <5 14 0 0> T_POS <250 250 7249 4875> .VOID .TMP AT (250,5125) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <6 15 0 0> T_POS <250 5125 7249 9749> .VOID END .GRP END NOTES SLIDE_INFO SLIDE_STYLE <0 -1 1> LAYOUT_ID <9 12 12 12 12> END SLIDE_INFO PICTURE .TXT AT (2728,222) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <7 7 0 0 0 0 0> V_SPACE <0 611 0> SIZE 440000 BOLD ON HOR_JUST CENTER L_SPACE 611 MARGINS <0 0 0 0> TXTXYOFF <-45 438> T_PNTS (0,438)(0,0)(4417,0)(4417,570)(0,570)(0,438)(4417,438) .STR "Ethernet layer 1" .TXT AT (41,2164) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <20 20 0 19 0 0 0> PARA <-500 500 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <56 444 0> SIZE 320000 BOLD OFF HOR_JUST LEFT L_SPACE 444 TXTXYOFF <12 318> T_PNTS (0,318)(0,0)(9248,0)(9248,4517)(0,4517)(0,318)(9248,318) .STR "\n10baseT" .STR PARA <-500 1000 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <28 389 0> SIZE 280000 "\n\tConnectors: RJ45 (8-pin)" .STR "\n\tCable: Category 3 or 5 twisted pair" .STR "\n\tTopology: point to point (e.g. device to hub)" .STR "\n\tMaximum cable length: 100m" .STR "\n\tMaximum of 4 hubs between any two devices" .STR "\n\tSpeed: 10 megabits per second" .STR "\n\tAlthough cable has 4 pairs, uses only 2 of them (one for tr ansmit, one for receive)" .STR "\n\tImportant to wire so that the correct pairs are twisted tog ether" END PICTURE NOTES .GRP BACKFILL <20 0 5 1000 0 0 0> PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 1 0 111> V_SPACE <0 250 0> SIZE 180000 L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> .TMP AT (250,250) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <5 14 0 0> T_POS <250 250 7249 4875> .VOID .TMP AT (250,5125) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <6 15 0 0> T_POS <250 5125 7249 9749> .VOID END .GRP END NOTES SLIDE_INFO SLIDE_STYLE <0 -1 1> LAYOUT_ID <9 12 12 12 12> END SLIDE_INFO PICTURE .TXT AT (1613,222) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <7 7 0 0 0 0 0> V_SPACE <0 611 0> SIZE 440000 BOLD ON HOR_JUST CENTER L_SPACE 611 MARGINS <0 0 0 0> TXTXYOFF <-45 438> T_PNTS (0,438)(0,0)(6717,0)(6717,570)(0,570)(0,438)(6717,438) .STR "Ethernet layer 1 (contd)" .TXT AT (55,2133) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <20 20 0 19 0 0 0> PARA <-500 500 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <56 444 0> SIZE 320000 BOLD OFF HOR_JUST LEFT L_SPACE 444 TXTXYOFF <10 318> T_PNTS (0,318)(0,0)(9190,0)(9190,5131)(0,5131)(0,318)(9190,318) .STR "10base2 a.k.a. \"thinnet\"" .STR PARA <-500 1000 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <28 389 0> SIZE 280000 "\n\tConnectors: BNC" .STR "\n\tCable: 50 ohm coaxial cable" .STR "\n\tTopology: single bus with taps " .STR "\n\tMaximum length: 185m from end to end" .STR "\n\tSpeed: 10 megabits per second" .STR PARA <-500 500 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <56 444 0> SIZE 320000 "\n10base5 a.k.a. \"thicknet\"" .STR PARA <-500 1000 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <28 389 0> SIZE 280000 "\n\tHeavier cable" .STR "\n\tMaximum length: 500m from end to end" .STR PARA <-500 500 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <56 444 0> SIZE 320000 "\nBoth are obsolete. Major problem was that a single device fau lt would bring down the whole network!" END PICTURE NOTES .GRP BACKFILL <20 0 5 1000 0 0 0> PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 1 0 111> V_SPACE <0 250 0> SIZE 180000 L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> .TMP AT (250,250) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <5 14 0 0> T_POS <250 250 7249 4875> .VOID .TMP AT (250,5125) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <6 15 0 0> T_POS <250 5125 7249 9749> .VOID END .GRP END NOTES SLIDE_INFO SLIDE_STYLE <0 -1 1> LAYOUT_ID <9 12 12 12 12> END SLIDE_INFO PICTURE .TXT AT (1613,222) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <7 7 0 0 0 0 0> V_SPACE <0 611 0> SIZE 440000 BOLD ON HOR_JUST CENTER L_SPACE 611 MARGINS <0 0 0 0> TXTXYOFF <-45 438> T_PNTS (0,438)(0,0)(6717,0)(6717,570)(0,570)(0,438)(6717,438) .STR "Ethernet layer 1 (contd)" .TXT AT (44,2164) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <20 20 0 19 0 0 0> PARA <-500 500 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <56 444 0> SIZE 320000 BOLD OFF HOR_JUST LEFT L_SPACE 444 TXTXYOFF <10 318> T_PNTS (0,318)(0,0)(8806,0)(8806,5044)(0,5044)(0,318)(8806,318) .STR "100baseTX" .STR PARA <-500 1000 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <28 389 0> SIZE 280000 "\n\tConnectors: RJ45" .STR "\n\tCable: Category 5 twisted pair" .STR "\n\tTopology: point to point (device to hub)" .STR "\n\tMaximum length: 100m from device to hub" .STR "\n\tMaximum of 4 hubs between any two devices" .STR "\n\tSpeed: 100 megabits per second" .STR PARA <-500 500 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <56 444 0> SIZE 320000 "\n1000baseTX" .STR PARA <-500 1000 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <28 389 0> SIZE 280000 "\n\tSame connectors and cable, but manages to achieve 1000 mega bits per second!" .STR "\n\tUses all four pairs" .STR "\n\tNo hubs, only switches (see later)" END PICTURE NOTES .GRP BACKFILL <20 0 5 1000 0 0 0> PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 1 0 111> V_SPACE <0 250 0> SIZE 180000 L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> .TMP AT (250,250) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <5 14 0 0> T_POS <250 250 7249 4875> .VOID .TMP AT (250,5125) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <6 15 0 0> T_POS <250 5125 7249 9749> .VOID END .GRP END NOTES SLIDE_INFO SLIDE_STYLE <0 -1 1> LAYOUT_ID <9 12 12 12 12> END SLIDE_INFO PICTURE .TXT AT (1613,222) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <7 7 0 0 0 0 0> V_SPACE <0 611 0> SIZE 440000 BOLD ON HOR_JUST CENTER L_SPACE 611 MARGINS <0 0 0 0> TXTXYOFF <-45 438> T_PNTS (0,438)(0,0)(6717,0)(6717,570)(0,570)(0,438)(6717,438) .STR "Ethernet layer 1 (contd)" .TXT AT (30,2154) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <20 20 0 19 0 0 0> PARA <-500 500 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <56 444 0> SIZE 320000 BOLD OFF HOR_JUST LEFT L_SPACE 444 TXTXYOFF <10 318> T_PNTS (0,318)(0,0)(9173,0)(9173,4389)(0,4389)(0,318)(9173,318) .STR "100baseFX" .STR PARA <-500 1000 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <28 389 0> SIZE 280000 "\n\t100 megabits over multimode fibre" .STR PARA <-500 500 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <56 444 0> SIZE 320000 "\n1000baseSX" .STR PARA <-500 1000 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <28 389 0> SIZE 280000 "\n\t1000 megabits over multimode fibre (short haul; 220-550m de pending on fibre type)" .STR PARA <-500 500 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <56 444 0> SIZE 320000 "\n1000baseLX" .STR PARA <-500 1000 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <28 389 0> SIZE 280000 "\n\t1000 megabits over single mode fibre (long haul, 5km or mor e; expensive!)" .STR PARA <-500 500 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <56 444 0> SIZE 320000 "\nFibre and radio are the ONLY options for linking between buil dings, for safety reasons" END PICTURE NOTES .GRP BACKFILL <20 0 5 1000 0 0 0> PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 1 0 111> V_SPACE <0 250 0> SIZE 180000 L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> .TMP AT (250,250) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <5 14 0 0> T_POS <250 250 7249 4875> .VOID .TMP AT (250,5125) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <6 15 0 0> T_POS <250 5125 7249 9749> .VOID END .GRP END NOTES SLIDE_INFO SLIDE_STYLE <0 -1 1> LAYOUT_ID <9 12 12 12 12> END SLIDE_INFO PICTURE .TXT AT (221,216) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <7 7 0 0 0 0 0> V_SPACE <0 611 0> SIZE 440000 BOLD ON HOR_JUST CENTER L_SPACE 611 MARGINS <0 0 0 0> TXTXYOFF <-3 447> T_PNTS (0,447)(0,0)(9464,0)(9464,579)(0,579)(0,447)(9464,447) .STR "What cabling should you install?" .TXT AT (58,2183) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <20 20 0 19 0 0 0> PARA <-500 500 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <56 444 0> SIZE 320000 BOLD OFF HOR_JUST LEFT L_SPACE 444 TXTXYOFF <10 318> T_PNTS (0,318)(0,0)(8996,0)(8996,3242)(0,3242)(0,318)(8996,318) .STR "Within one building, the choice is easy: install CAT5 !" .STR "\nWorks at 10, 100 or 1000Mbps: futureproof" .STR "\nThere is no such thing as \"CAT6\", \"CAT7\" etc. Don't be fo oled by vendors!" .STR "\nMake sure your connectors (e.g. patch panels, wall sockets) a re CAT5 certified too" END PICTURE NOTES .GRP BACKFILL <20 0 5 1000 0 0 0> PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 1 0 111> V_SPACE <0 250 0> SIZE 180000 L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> .TMP AT (250,250) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <5 14 0 0> T_POS <250 250 7249 4875> .VOID .TMP AT (250,5125) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <6 15 0 0> T_POS <250 5125 7249 9749> .VOID END .GRP END NOTES SLIDE_INFO SLIDE_STYLE <0 -1 1> LAYOUT_ID <9 12 12 12 12> END SLIDE_INFO PICTURE .RECT AT (3759,2238) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <34 2 5 1000 0 0 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(5136,6230) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(250,0)(250,252)(0,252)(0,0) .POL AT (5885,6233) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(250,0)(250,252)(0,252)(0,0) .POL AT (6386,6233) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(250,0)(250,252)(0,252)(0,0) .LINE AT (2262,5737) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <34 2 5 1000 0 0 0> PNTS (0,0)(0,500) .LINE AT (2758,5737) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(0,500) .LINE AT (3502,5737) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(0,500) .LINE AT (3998,5737) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(0,500) .LINE AT (4742,5737) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(0,500) .LINE AT (5238,5737) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(0,500) .LINE AT (6009,5738) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(0,500) .LINE AT (6509,5737) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(0,500) .LINE AT (2262,5737) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,15)(4247,0) .TXT AT (4087,2244) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <20 20 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 0 MARGINS <0 0 0 0> TXTXYOFF <-15 179> T_PNTS (0,179)(0,0)(517,0)(517,183)(0,183)(0,179)(517,179) H_SPACE 0 .STR "hubs" .TXT AT (2930,4629) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <20 20 0 19 0 0 0> THICKNESS 1 PARA <-500 500 -500 0 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <56 444 0> SIZE 320000 ITALICS ON L_SPACE 444 TXTXYOFF <3 318> T_PNTS (0,318)(0,0)(2930,0)(2930,411)(0,411)(0,318)(2930,318) H_SPACE 9789 .STR "is equivalent to" .TXT AT (407,206) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <7 7 0 0 0 0 0> PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 1 0 111> V_SPACE <0 611 0> SIZE 440000 BOLD ON ITALICS OFF HOR_JUST CENTER L_SPACE 611 TXTXYOFF <-45 438> T_PNTS (0,438)(0,0)(9155,0)(9155,449)(0,449)(0,438)(9155,438) .STR "Ethernet is a broadcast medium" .TXT AT (712,1133) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <20 20 0 19 0 0 0> PARA <-500 500 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <56 444 0> SIZE 320000 BOLD OFF HOR_JUST LEFT L_SPACE 444 TXTXYOFF <12 318> T_PNTS (0,318)(0,0)(8647,0)(8647,769)(0,769)(0,318)(8647,318) .STR "Everything sent on the wire is seen by all stations" END PICTURE NOTES .GRP BACKFILL <20 0 5 1000 0 0 0> PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 1 0 111> V_SPACE <0 250 0> SIZE 180000 L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> .TMP AT (250,250) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <5 14 0 0> T_POS <250 250 7249 4875> .VOID .TMP AT (250,5125) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <6 15 0 0> T_POS <250 5125 7249 9749> .VOID END .GRP END NOTES SLIDE_INFO SLIDE_STYLE <0 -1 1> LAYOUT_ID <9 12 12 12 12> END SLIDE_INFO PICTURE .RECT AT (1048,3498) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <34 2 5 1000 0 0 0> PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 34 0 111> PNTS (0,0)(1250,0)(1250,500)(0,500)(0,0) .RECT AT (2303,3497) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <23 2 5 1000 0 0 0> PNTS (0,0)(6503,0)(6503,500)(0,500)(0,0) .TXT AT (4912,3571) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <20 20 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 0 V_SPACE <0 333 0> SIZE 240000 L_SPACE 333 MARGINS <0 0 0 0> TXTXYOFF <-10 238> T_PNTS (0,238)(0,0)(630,0)(630,243)(0,243)(0,238)(630,238) H_SPACE 0 .STR L_SPACE 250 "data" .TXT AT (1164,3571) RECOLOR ON L_SPACE 333 TXTXYOFF <-21 238> T_PNTS (0,238)(0,0)(1006,0)(1006,243)(0,243)(0,238)(1006,238) .STR L_SPACE 250 "header" .LINE AT (2298,4248) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <34 2 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 42 L_ARROW 1 R_ARROW 1 V_SPACE <0 250 0> SIZE 180000 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> PNTS (0,0)(6500,0) .TXT AT (4352,4322) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <20 20 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 0 L_ARROW 0 R_ARROW 0 V_SPACE <0 333 0> SIZE 240000 BOLD ON L_SPACE 333 MARGINS <0 0 0 0> T_PNTS (0,238)(0,0)(2418,0)(2418,310)(0,310)(0,238)(2418,238) .STR L_SPACE 250 "max 1500 bytes" .TXT AT (-4,4931) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <20 20 0 19 0 0 0> THICKNESS 1 PARA <-500 500 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <56 444 0> SIZE 320000 BOLD OFF L_SPACE 444 TXTXYOFF <12 318> T_PNTS (0,318)(0,0)(9002,0)(9002,2248)(0,2248)(0,318)(9002,318) H_SPACE 9789 .STR "There is collision detection to prevent two machines transmitti ng a frame at the same time. \"Carrier Sense Multiple Access, Co llision Detection\" (CSMA/CD)\n\"Listen before speaking!\"" .TXT AT (1609,209) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <7 7 0 0 0 0 0> PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 1 0 111> V_SPACE <0 611 0> SIZE 440000 BOLD ON HOR_JUST CENTER L_SPACE 611 TXTXYOFF <-46 438> T_PNTS (0,438)(0,0)(6834,0)(6834,1061)(0,1061)(0,438)(6834,438) .STR "Layer 2: Ethernet sends\ndata in frames" .TXT AT (97,2159) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <20 20 0 19 0 0 0> PARA <-500 500 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <56 444 0> SIZE 320000 BOLD OFF HOR_JUST LEFT L_SPACE 444 TXTXYOFF <10 326> T_PNTS (0,326)(0,0)(7959,0)(7959,417)(0,417)(0,326)(7959,326) .STR "\"MAC frames\" (Media Access Control)" .RECT AT (501,3501) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <7 2 0 6 0 0 0> PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 34 0 111> V_SPACE <0 250 0> SIZE 180000 L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> PNTS (0,0)(547,0)(547,500)(0,500)(0,0) .RECT AT (8806,3502) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(547,0)(547,500)(0,500)(0,0) .LINE AT (2300,4126) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <34 2 5 1000 0 0 0> PNTS (0,0)(0,250) .LINE AT (8811,4129) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(0,250) END PICTURE NOTES .GRP BACKFILL <20 0 5 1000 0 0 0> PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 1 0 111> .TMP AT (250,250) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <5 14 0 0> T_POS <250 250 7249 4875> .VOID .TMP AT (250,5125) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <6 15 0 0> T_POS <250 5125 7249 9749> .VOID END .GRP END NOTES SLIDE_INFO SLIDE_STYLE <0 -1 1> LAYOUT_ID <9 12 12 12 12> END SLIDE_INFO PICTURE .TXT AT (368,214) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <7 7 0 0 0 0 0> V_SPACE <0 611 0> SIZE 440000 BOLD ON HOR_JUST CENTER L_SPACE 611 MARGINS <0 0 0 0> TXTXYOFF <-129 438> T_PNTS (0,438)(0,0)(9497,0)(9497,1063)(0,1063)(0,438)(9497,438) .STR "Each ethernet card has a unique MAC address" .TXT AT (83,2158) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <20 20 0 19 0 0 0> PARA <-500 500 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <56 444 0> SIZE 320000 BOLD OFF HOR_JUST LEFT L_SPACE 444 TXTXYOFF <10 318> T_PNTS (0,318)(0,0)(9215,0)(9215,3880)(0,3880)(0,318)(9215,318) .STR "A 48-bit binary number, usually represented in hexadecimal" .STR PARA <-500 1000 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <28 389 0> SIZE 280000 "\n\te.g. 00:04:AC:06:13:E2" .STR PARA <-500 500 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <56 444 0> SIZE 320000 "\nAllocated to the card by the manufacturer" .STR PARA <-500 1000 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <28 389 0> SIZE 280000 "\n\teach manufacturer has a unique range, and every card has a different MAC address" .STR PARA <-500 500 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <56 444 0> SIZE 320000 "\nThe frame header contains a source and destination MAC addres s - i.e. who sent it, and who is intended to receive it" END PICTURE NOTES .GRP BACKFILL <20 0 5 1000 0 0 0> PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 1 0 111> V_SPACE <0 250 0> SIZE 180000 L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> .TMP AT (250,250) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <5 14 0 0> T_POS <250 250 7249 4875> .VOID .TMP AT (250,5125) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <6 15 0 0> T_POS <250 5125 7249 9749> .VOID END .GRP END NOTES SLIDE_INFO SLIDE_STYLE <0 -1 1> LAYOUT_ID <9 12 12 12 12> END SLIDE_INFO PICTURE .RECT AT (260,3506) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <34 2 5 1000 0 0 0> PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 34 0 111> PNTS (0,0)(2490,0)(2490,1247)(0,1247)(0,0) .TXT AT (4247,2785) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <7 20 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 0 V_SPACE <0 333 0> SIZE 240000 L_SPACE 333 MARGINS <166 166 333 83> TXTXYOFF <0 0> PNTS (0,0)(3245,0)(3245,500)(0,500)(0,0) H_SPACE 0 .STR L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> "01:23:45:67:89:AB" .TXT AT (4250,3534) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <20 20 5 1000 0 0 0> L_SPACE 333 MARGINS <166 166 333 83> PNTS (0,0)(3247,0)(3247,500)(0,500)(0,0) .STR L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> "40:46:22:19:FC:25" .TXT AT (4250,4281) RECOLOR ON L_SPACE 333 MARGINS <166 166 333 83> PNTS (0,0)(3247,0)(3247,500)(0,500)(0,0) .STR L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> "0A:B0:C9:33:22:11" .TXT AT (4250,5032) RECOLOR ON L_SPACE 333 MARGINS <166 166 333 83> PNTS (0,0)(3247,0)(3247,500)(0,500)(0,0) .STR L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> "77:44:22:12:34:56" .TXT AT (4250,5782) RECOLOR ON L_SPACE 333 MARGINS <166 166 333 83> PNTS (0,0)(3247,0)(3247,500)(0,500)(0,0) .STR L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> "54:32:10:F9:E6:C2" .TXT AT (7497,3507) RECOLOR ON L_SPACE 333 MARGINS <166 166 333 83> PNTS (0,0)(2500,0)(2500,500)(0,500)(0,0) .STR L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> "ignore" .TXT AT (7497,4254) RECOLOR ON L_SPACE 333 MARGINS <166 166 333 83> PNTS (0,0)(2500,0)(2500,500)(0,500)(0,0) .STR L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> "ignore" .TXT AT (7497,5005) RECOLOR ON L_SPACE 333 MARGINS <166 166 333 83> PNTS (0,0)(2500,0)(2500,500)(0,500)(0,0) .STR L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> "* RECEIVE *" .TXT AT (7497,5755) RECOLOR ON L_SPACE 333 MARGINS <166 166 333 83> PNTS (0,0)(2500,0)(2500,500)(0,500)(0,0) .STR L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> "ignore" .LINE AT (2999,3003) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <34 2 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 28 R_ARROW 1 V_SPACE <0 250 0> SIZE 180000 PNTS (1000,0)(0,0) .LINE AT (3000,3754) RECOLOR ON L_ARROW 1 R_ARROW 0 PNTS (1000,0)(0,0) .LINE AT (3000,4501) RECOLOR ON PNTS (1000,0)(0,0) .LINE AT (3000,5252) RECOLOR ON PNTS (1000,0)(0,0) .LINE AT (3000,6002) RECOLOR ON PNTS (1000,0)(0,0) .LINE AT (2999,3003) RECOLOR ON THICKNESS 1 L_ARROW 0 PNTS (0,0)(1,2999) .TXT AT (250,3506) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <20 20 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 0 PNTS (0,0)(2500,0)(2500,1247)(0,1247)(0,0) .STR "Source\n01:23:45:67:89:AB\nDestination\n77:44:22:12:34:56" .TXT AT (7497,2758) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <7 20 5 1000 0 0 0> V_SPACE <0 333 0> SIZE 240000 L_SPACE 333 MARGINS <166 166 333 83> PNTS (0,0)(2500,0)(2500,500)(0,500)(0,0) .STR L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> "transmit" .TXT AT (200,1150) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <20 20 0 19 0 0 0> THICKNESS 1 PARA <-500 500 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <56 444 0> SIZE 320000 L_SPACE 444 MARGINS <0 0 0 0> TXTXYOFF <10 326> T_PNTS (0,326)(0,0)(9206,0)(9206,777)(0,777)(0,326)(9206,326) H_SPACE 9789 .STR "So they don't need to process frames which are intended for ano ther machine" .TXT AT (1,6757) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <20 20 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 0 PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 34 0 111> V_SPACE <0 250 0> SIZE 180000 L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> TXTXYOFF <0 0> PNTS (0,0)(9997,0)(9997,500)(0,500)(0,0) H_SPACE 0 .STR "Note: This is not secure!! User can set \"promiscuous mode\" to see other people's data" .TXT AT (347,216) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <7 7 0 0 0 0 0> THICKNESS 1 PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 1 0 111> V_SPACE <0 611 0> SIZE 440000 BOLD ON HOR_JUST CENTER L_SPACE 611 MARGINS <0 0 0 0> TXTXYOFF <-43 447> T_PNTS (0,447)(0,0)(9280,0)(9280,460)(0,460)(0,447)(9280,447) H_SPACE 9789 .STR "Receivers filter on MAC address" END PICTURE NOTES .GRP BACKFILL <20 0 5 1000 0 0 0> V_SPACE <0 250 0> SIZE 180000 BOLD OFF HOR_JUST LEFT L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> .TMP AT (250,250) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <5 14 0 0> T_POS <250 250 7249 4875> .VOID .TMP AT (250,5125) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <6 15 0 0> T_POS <250 5125 7249 9749> .VOID END .GRP END NOTES SLIDE_INFO SLIDE_STYLE <0 -1 1> LAYOUT_ID <9 12 12 12 12> END SLIDE_INFO PICTURE .RECT AT (136,3495) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <34 2 5 1000 0 0 0> PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 34 0 111> PNTS (0,0)(2490,0)(2490,1247)(0,1247)(0,0) .TXT AT (4123,2774) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <7 20 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 0 V_SPACE <0 333 0> SIZE 240000 L_SPACE 333 MARGINS <166 166 333 83> TXTXYOFF <0 0> PNTS (0,0)(3245,0)(3245,500)(0,500)(0,0) H_SPACE 0 .STR L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> "01:23:45:67:89:AB" .TXT AT (4126,3523) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <20 20 5 1000 0 0 0> L_SPACE 333 MARGINS <166 166 333 83> PNTS (0,0)(3247,0)(3247,500)(0,500)(0,0) .STR L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> "40:46:22:19:FC:25" .TXT AT (4126,4270) RECOLOR ON L_SPACE 333 MARGINS <166 166 333 83> PNTS (0,0)(3247,0)(3247,500)(0,500)(0,0) .STR L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> "0A:B0:C9:33:22:11" .TXT AT (4126,5021) RECOLOR ON L_SPACE 333 MARGINS <166 166 333 83> PNTS (0,0)(3247,0)(3247,500)(0,500)(0,0) .STR L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> "77:44:22:12:34:56" .TXT AT (4126,5771) RECOLOR ON L_SPACE 333 MARGINS <166 166 333 83> PNTS (0,0)(3247,0)(3247,500)(0,500)(0,0) .STR L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> "54:32:10:F9:E6:C2" .TXT AT (7373,3496) RECOLOR ON L_SPACE 333 MARGINS <166 166 333 83> PNTS (0,0)(2500,0)(2500,500)(0,500)(0,0) .STR L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> "* RECEIVE *" .TXT AT (7373,4243) RECOLOR ON L_SPACE 333 MARGINS <166 166 333 83> PNTS (0,0)(2500,0)(2500,500)(0,500)(0,0) .STR L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> "* RECEIVE *" .TXT AT (7373,4994) RECOLOR ON L_SPACE 333 MARGINS <166 166 333 83> PNTS (0,0)(2500,0)(2500,500)(0,500)(0,0) .STR L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> "* RECEIVE *" .TXT AT (7373,5744) RECOLOR ON L_SPACE 333 MARGINS <166 166 333 83> PNTS (0,0)(2500,0)(2500,500)(0,500)(0,0) .STR L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> "* RECEIVE *" .LINE AT (2875,2992) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <34 2 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 28 R_ARROW 1 V_SPACE <0 250 0> SIZE 180000 PNTS (1000,0)(0,0) .LINE AT (2876,3743) RECOLOR ON L_ARROW 1 R_ARROW 0 PNTS (1000,0)(0,0) .LINE AT (2876,4490) RECOLOR ON PNTS (1000,0)(0,0) .LINE AT (2876,5241) RECOLOR ON PNTS (1000,0)(0,0) .LINE AT (2876,5991) RECOLOR ON PNTS (1000,0)(0,0) .LINE AT (2875,2992) RECOLOR ON THICKNESS 1 L_ARROW 0 PNTS (0,0)(1,2999) .TXT AT (126,3495) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <20 20 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 0 PNTS (0,0)(2500,0)(2500,1247)(0,1247)(0,0) .STR "Source\n01:23:45:67:89:AB\nDestination\nFF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF" .TXT AT (7373,2747) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <7 20 5 1000 0 0 0> V_SPACE <0 333 0> SIZE 240000 L_SPACE 333 MARGINS <166 166 333 83> PNTS (0,0)(2500,0)(2500,500)(0,500)(0,0) .STR L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> "transmit" .TXT AT (2115,1155) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <7 7 0 0 0 0 0> THICKNESS 1 PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 1 0 111> V_SPACE <0 611 0> SIZE 440000 BOLD ON HOR_JUST CENTER L_SPACE 611 MARGINS <0 0 0 0> TXTXYOFF <-23 238> T_PNTS (0,238)(0,0)(5452,0)(5452,245)(0,245)(0,238)(5452,238) H_SPACE 9789 .STR V_SPACE <0 333 0> SIZE 240000 "FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF - \"all stations\"" .TXT AT (2107,214) RECOLOR ON V_SPACE <0 611 0> SIZE 440000 TXTXYOFF <-43 438> T_PNTS (0,438)(0,0)(5518,0)(5518,449)(0,449)(0,438)(5518,438) .STR "Broadcast Address" END PICTURE NOTES .GRP BACKFILL <20 0 5 1000 0 0 0> V_SPACE <0 250 0> SIZE 180000 BOLD OFF HOR_JUST LEFT L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> .TMP AT (250,250) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <5 14 0 0> T_POS <250 250 7249 4875> .VOID .TMP AT (250,5125) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <6 15 0 0> T_POS <250 5125 7249 9749> .VOID END .GRP END NOTES SLIDE_INFO SLIDE_STYLE <0 -1 1> LAYOUT_ID <9 12 12 12 12> END SLIDE_INFO PICTURE .TXT AT (2688,216) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <7 7 0 0 0 0 0> V_SPACE <0 611 0> SIZE 440000 BOLD ON HOR_JUST CENTER L_SPACE 611 MARGINS <0 0 0 0> TXTXYOFF <0 447> T_PNTS (0,447)(0,0)(4526,0)(4526,579)(0,579)(0,447)(4526,447) .STR "Any questions?" .TXT AT (63,2178) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <20 20 0 19 0 0 0> PARA <-500 500 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <56 444 0> SIZE 320000 BOLD OFF HOR_JUST LEFT L_SPACE 444 TXTXYOFF <12 326> T_PNTS (0,326)(0,0)(8641,0)(8641,419)(0,419)(0,326)(8641,326) .STR "Who has crimped their own RJ45 cables?" END PICTURE NOTES .GRP BACKFILL <20 0 5 1000 0 0 0> PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 1 0 111> V_SPACE <0 250 0> SIZE 180000 L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> .TMP AT (250,250) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <5 14 0 0> T_POS <250 250 7249 4875> .VOID .TMP AT (250,5125) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <6 15 0 0> T_POS <250 5125 7249 9749> .VOID END .GRP END NOTES SLIDE_INFO SLIDE_STYLE <0 -1 1> LAYOUT_ID <9 12 12 12 12> END SLIDE_INFO PICTURE .RECT AT (1011,4354) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <34 2 5 1000 0 0 0> PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 34 0 111> PNTS (0,0)(1500,0)(1500,750)(0,750)(0,0) .RECT AT (2515,4353) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(6752,0)(6752,750)(0,750)(0,0) .RECT AT (2586,4434) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <23 2 5 1000 0 0 0> PNTS (0,0)(6609,0)(6609,573)(0,573)(0,0) .TXT AT (2766,4558) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <20 20 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 0 HOR_JUST CENTER TXTXYOFF <0 0> PNTS (0,0)(6251,0)(6251,500)(0,500)(0,0) H_SPACE 0 .STR "IP datagram" .TXT AT (762,5443) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(1999,0)(1999,500)(0,500)(0,0) .STR "MAC header" .TXT AT (2765,5443) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(6249,0)(6249,500)(0,500)(0,0) .STR "MAC data" .LINE AT (1011,5354) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <34 2 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 42 L_ARROW 1 R_ARROW 1 HOR_JUST LEFT PNTS (0,0)(1500,0) .LINE AT (2515,5353) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(6752,0) .RECT AT (2603,4443) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <23 2 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 1 L_ARROW 0 R_ARROW 0 PNTS (0,0)(1099,0)(1099,573)(0,573)(0,0) .TXT AT (991,6592) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <20 20 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 0 V_SPACE <0 333 0> SIZE 240000 L_SPACE 333 MARGINS <0 0 0 0> TXTXYOFF <-1 244> T_PNTS (0,244)(0,0)(7970,0)(7970,318)(0,318)(0,244)(7970,244) .STR L_SPACE 250 "What is the MTU for IP datagrams sent over Ethernet?" .TXT AT (1099,339) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <7 7 0 0 0 0 0> THICKNESS 1 PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 1 0 111> V_SPACE <0 611 0> SIZE 440000 BOLD ON HOR_JUST CENTER L_SPACE 611 TXTXYOFF <-127 438> T_PNTS (0,438)(0,0)(9000,0)(9000,1181)(0,1181)(0,438)(9000,438) H_SPACE 9789 .STR "How is IP (layer 3) carried over Ethernet (layer 2)?" .TXT AT (581,2295) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <20 20 0 19 0 0 0> PARA <-500 500 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <56 444 0> SIZE 320000 BOLD OFF HOR_JUST LEFT L_SPACE 444 TXTXYOFF <10 318> T_PNTS (0,318)(0,0)(9257,0)(9257,1298)(0,1298)(0,318)(9257,318) .STR "Easy: you just put the whole IP datagram in the data portion of an Ethernet frame. This is called \"encapsulation\"" END PICTURE NOTES .GRP BACKFILL <20 0 5 1000 0 0 0> PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 1 0 111> V_SPACE <0 250 0> SIZE 180000 L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> .TMP AT (250,250) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <5 14 0 0> T_POS <250 250 7249 4875> .VOID .TMP AT (250,5125) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <6 15 0 0> T_POS <250 5125 7249 9749> .VOID END .GRP END NOTES SLIDE_INFO SLIDE_STYLE <0 -1 1> LAYOUT_ID <9 12 12 12 12> END SLIDE_INFO PICTURE .RECT AT (1040,4071) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <34 2 5 1000 0 0 0> PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 34 0 111> PNTS (0,0)(1500,0)(1500,750)(0,750)(0,0) .RECT AT (2544,4070) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(6752,0)(6752,750)(0,750)(0,0) .RECT AT (2615,4151) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <23 2 5 1000 0 0 0> PNTS (0,0)(6609,0)(6609,573)(0,573)(0,0) .TXT AT (2795,4275) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <20 20 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 0 HOR_JUST CENTER TXTXYOFF <0 0> PNTS (0,0)(6251,0)(6251,500)(0,500)(0,0) H_SPACE 0 .STR "IP datagram" .RECT AT (2632,4160) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <23 2 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 1 HOR_JUST LEFT PNTS (0,0)(1099,0)(1099,573)(0,573)(0,0) .LINE AT (2790,4571) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <34 2 5 1000 0 0 0> PNTS (0,0)(0,750) .LINE AT (2790,5321) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(250,0) .TXT AT (3019,5052) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <20 20 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 0 V_SPACE <0 333 0> SIZE 240000 L_SPACE 333 MARGINS <0 0 0 0> TXTXYOFF <0 244> T_PNTS (0,244)(0,0)(3444,0)(3444,585)(0,585)(0,244)(3444,244) .STR L_SPACE 250 "Source IP = 1.2.3.1\nDestination IP = 1.2.3.4" .LINE AT (1292,4572) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <34 2 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 1 V_SPACE <0 250 0> SIZE 180000 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> PNTS (0,0)(0,1748) .LINE AT (1292,6320) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(1754,0) .TXT AT (3022,6055) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <20 20 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 0 V_SPACE <0 333 0> SIZE 240000 L_SPACE 333 MARGINS <0 0 0 0> T_PNTS (0,244)(0,0)(5141,0)(5141,585)(0,585)(0,244)(5141,244) .STR L_SPACE 250 "Source MAC = 94:B4:F2:D3:CC:12\nDestination MAC = ??????????" .TXT AT (2743,306) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <7 7 0 0 0 0 0> THICKNESS 1 PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 1 0 111> V_SPACE <0 611 0> SIZE 440000 BOLD ON HOR_JUST CENTER L_SPACE 611 TXTXYOFF <-15 438> T_PNTS (0,438)(0,0)(5528,0)(5528,568)(0,568)(0,438)(5528,438) H_SPACE 9789 .STR "Just one problem..." .TXT AT (603,2250) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <20 20 0 19 0 0 0> PARA <-500 500 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <56 444 0> SIZE 320000 BOLD OFF HOR_JUST LEFT L_SPACE 444 TXTXYOFF <10 322> T_PNTS (0,322)(0,0)(9294,0)(9294,1302)(0,1302)(0,322)(9294,322) .STR "If you are sending to IP address 1.2.3.4, how do you know what the MAC address of the recipient is?" END PICTURE NOTES .GRP BACKFILL <20 0 5 1000 0 0 0> PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 1 0 111> V_SPACE <0 250 0> SIZE 180000 L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> .TMP AT (250,250) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <5 14 0 0> T_POS <250 250 7249 4875> .VOID .TMP AT (250,5125) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <6 15 0 0> T_POS <250 5125 7249 9749> .VOID END .GRP END NOTES SLIDE_INFO SLIDE_STYLE <0 -1 1> LAYOUT_ID <9 12 12 12 12> END SLIDE_INFO PICTURE .TXT AT (2996,306) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <7 7 0 0 0 0 0> V_SPACE <0 611 0> SIZE 440000 BOLD ON HOR_JUST CENTER L_SPACE 611 MARGINS <0 0 0 0> TXTXYOFF <-6 438> T_PNTS (0,438)(0,0)(5246,0)(5246,449)(0,449)(0,438)(5246,438) .STR "The solution: ARP" .TXT AT (715,2264) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <20 20 0 19 0 0 0> PARA <-500 500 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <56 444 0> SIZE 320000 BOLD OFF HOR_JUST LEFT L_SPACE 444 TXTXYOFF <12 318> T_PNTS (0,318)(0,0)(8825,0)(8825,3242)(0,3242)(0,318)(8825,318) .STR "\"Address Resolution Protocol\"" .STR "\nSend a broadcast frame to all stations, saying \"who has addr ess 1.2.3.4?\"" .STR "\nThe machine with that address responds" .STR "\nThe source MAC address of the response tells you the MAC addr ess which corresponds with 1.2.3.4" END PICTURE NOTES .GRP BACKFILL <20 0 5 1000 0 0 0> PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 1 0 111> V_SPACE <0 250 0> SIZE 180000 L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> .TMP AT (250,250) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <5 14 0 0> T_POS <250 250 7249 4875> .VOID .TMP AT (250,5125) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <6 15 0 0> T_POS <250 5125 7249 9749> .VOID END .GRP END NOTES SLIDE_INFO SLIDE_STYLE <0 -1 1> LAYOUT_ID <9 12 12 12 12> END SLIDE_INFO PICTURE .RECT AT (2550,2388) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <12 2 5 1000 0 0 0> PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 34 0 111> PNTS (0,0)(3249,0)(3249,500)(0,500)(0,0) .TXT AT (2850,2500) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <20 20 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 0 V_SPACE <0 333 0> SIZE 240000 L_SPACE 333 MARGINS <0 0 0 0> TXTXYOFF <-1 244> T_PNTS (0,244)(0,0)(2570,0)(2570,251)(0,251)(0,244)(2570,244) H_SPACE 0 .STR L_SPACE 250 "Who has 1.2.3.4?" .LINE AT (5796,2386) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <34 2 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 1 R_ARROW 1 V_SPACE <0 250 0> SIZE 180000 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> PNTS (0,250)(1250,0) .LINE AT (5795,2636) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,1)(1250,0) .LINE AT (5797,2635) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(1249,251) .POL AT (297,2387) RECOLOR ON R_ARROW 0 PNTS (0,0)(2251,0)(2251,500)(0,500)(0,0) .TXT AT (302,2395) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <20 20 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 0 MARGINS <0 0 0 0> TXTXYOFF <0 184> T_PNTS (0,184)(0,0)(2180,0)(2180,434)(0,434)(0,184)(2180,184) .STR "94:B4:F2:D3:CC:12" .STR "\nFF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF" .RECT AT (7054,4573) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <12 2 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 1 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> PNTS (0,0)(3249,0)(3249,500)(0,500)(0,0) .TXT AT (7380,4688) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <20 20 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 0 V_SPACE <0 333 0> SIZE 240000 L_SPACE 333 MARGINS <0 0 0 0> TXTXYOFF <-29 238> T_PNTS (0,238)(0,0)(2040,0)(2040,245)(0,245)(0,238)(2040,238) .STR L_SPACE 250 "I have 1.2.3.4!" .POL AT (4801,4572) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <34 2 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 1 V_SPACE <0 250 0> SIZE 180000 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> PNTS (0,0)(2251,0)(2251,500)(0,500)(0,0) .TXT AT (4794,4573) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <20 20 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 0 MARGINS <0 0 0 0> TXTXYOFF <0 179> T_PNTS (0,179)(0,0)(2171,0)(2171,434)(0,434)(0,179)(2171,179) .STR "66:77:88:99:AA:BB\n" .STR "94:B4:F2:D3:CC:12" .LINE AT (3797,4820) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <34 2 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 1 R_ARROW 1 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> PNTS (1001,0)(0,0) .TXT AT (528,3725) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <20 20 0 19 0 0 0> R_ARROW 0 PARA <-500 500 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <56 444 0> SIZE 320000 L_SPACE 444 MARGINS <0 0 0 0> TXTXYOFF <12 318> T_PNTS (0,318)(0,0)(6427,0)(6427,411)(0,411)(0,318)(6427,318) H_SPACE 9789 .STR "Machine with that IP responds" .TXT AT (528,5729) RECOLOR ON T_PNTS (0,318)(0,0)(5729,0)(5729,415)(0,415)(0,318)(5729,318) .STR "Now send the IP datagram" .RECT AT (2559,6567) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <23 2 5 1000 0 0 0> PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 34 0 111> V_SPACE <0 250 0> SIZE 180000 L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> PNTS (0,0)(3249,0)(3249,500)(0,500)(0,0) .TXT AT (2884,6675) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <20 20 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 0 V_SPACE <0 333 0> SIZE 240000 L_SPACE 333 MARGINS <0 0 0 0> TXTXYOFF <-29 244> T_PNTS (0,244)(0,0)(2234,0)(2234,251)(0,251)(0,244)(2234,244) H_SPACE 0 .STR L_SPACE 250 "IP DATAGRAM" .LINE AT (5804,6815) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <34 2 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 1 R_ARROW 1 V_SPACE <0 250 0> SIZE 180000 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> PNTS (0,1)(1250,0) .POL AT (306,6566) RECOLOR ON R_ARROW 0 PNTS (0,0)(2251,0)(2251,500)(0,500)(0,0) .TXT AT (309,6571) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <20 20 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 0 MARGINS <0 0 0 0> TXTXYOFF <0 184> T_PNTS (0,184)(0,0)(2171,0)(2171,439)(0,439)(0,184)(2171,184) .STR "94:B4:F2:D3:CC:12" .STR "\n66:77:88:99:AA:BB" .TXT AT (3308,55) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <7 7 0 0 0 0 0> THICKNESS 1 PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 1 0 111> V_SPACE <0 611 0> SIZE 440000 BOLD ON HOR_JUST CENTER L_SPACE 611 TXTXYOFF <1 438> T_PNTS (0,438)(0,0)(3939,0)(3939,568)(0,568)(0,438)(3939,438) H_SPACE 9789 .STR "ARP Example" .TXT AT (531,1551) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <20 20 0 19 0 0 0> PARA <-500 500 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <56 444 0> SIZE 320000 BOLD OFF HOR_JUST LEFT L_SPACE 444 TXTXYOFF <12 318> T_PNTS (0,318)(0,0)(5126,0)(5126,411)(0,411)(0,318)(5126,318) .STR "Broadcast ARP request" END PICTURE NOTES .GRP BACKFILL <20 0 5 1000 0 0 0> PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 1 0 111> V_SPACE <0 250 0> SIZE 180000 L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> .TMP AT (250,250) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <5 14 0 0> T_POS <250 250 7249 4875> .VOID .TMP AT (250,5125) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <6 15 0 0> T_POS <250 5125 7249 9749> .VOID END .GRP END NOTES SLIDE_INFO SLIDE_STYLE <0 -1 1> LAYOUT_ID <9 12 12 12 12> END SLIDE_INFO PICTURE .TXT AT (1516,4952) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <20 20 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 0 PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 34 0 111> V_SPACE <0 500 0> SIZE 360000 L_SPACE 500 MARGINS <0 0 0 0> TXTXYOFF <-48 349> T_PNTS (0,349)(0,0)(1377,0)(1377,360)(0,360)(0,349)(1377,349) H_SPACE 0 .STR L_SPACE 250 "1.2.3.1" .TXT AT (4979,4932) RECOLOR ON L_SPACE 500 TXTXYOFF <-17 366> T_PNTS (0,366)(0,0)(4183,0)(4183,377)(0,377)(0,366)(4183,366) .STR L_SPACE 250 "0A:B3:22:46:C1:99" .TXT AT (1513,5448) RECOLOR ON L_SPACE 500 TXTXYOFF <-48 349> T_PNTS (0,349)(0,0)(1458,0)(1458,360)(0,360)(0,349)(1458,349) .STR L_SPACE 250 "1.2.3.2" .TXT AT (4978,5436) RECOLOR ON L_SPACE 500 TXTXYOFF <-17 358> T_PNTS (0,358)(0,0)(4374,0)(4374,369)(0,369)(0,358)(4374,358) .STR L_SPACE 250 "2B:9D:A7:BD:E1:D1" .LINE AT (3255,5152) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <34 2 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 56 STYLE 4 R_ARROW 1 V_SPACE <0 250 0> SIZE 180000 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> PNTS (0,0)(1500,0) .LINE AT (3257,5650) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(1500,0) .TXT AT (1508,6270) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <20 20 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 0 STYLE 0 R_ARROW 0 V_SPACE <0 500 0> SIZE 360000 L_SPACE 500 MARGINS <0 0 0 0> TXTXYOFF <-43 54> T_PNTS (0,54)(0,0)(329,0)(329,55)(0,55)(0,54)(329,54) .STR L_SPACE 250 "..." .TXT AT (5004,6267) RECOLOR ON L_SPACE 500 T_PNTS (0,54)(0,0)(329,0)(329,55)(0,55)(0,54)(329,54) .STR L_SPACE 250 "..." .TXT AT (3746,297) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <7 7 0 0 0 0 0> THICKNESS 1 PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 1 0 111> V_SPACE <0 611 0> SIZE 440000 BOLD ON HOR_JUST CENTER L_SPACE 611 TXTXYOFF <0 447> T_PNTS (0,447)(0,0)(3263,0)(3263,460)(0,460)(0,447)(3263,447) H_SPACE 9789 .STR "ARP Cache" .TXT AT (470,2250) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <20 20 0 19 0 0 0> PARA <-500 500 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <56 444 0> SIZE 320000 BOLD OFF HOR_JUST LEFT L_SPACE 444 TXTXYOFF <12 322> T_PNTS (0,322)(0,0)(9262,0)(9262,2246)(0,2246)(0,322)(9262,322) .STR "For efficiency, each machine caches the ARP responses it sees" .STR "\nEntries time out after a few minutes/hours (in case the infor mation changes - e.g. you put a new network card in a device)" END PICTURE NOTES .GRP BACKFILL <20 0 5 1000 0 0 0> PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 1 0 111> V_SPACE <0 250 0> SIZE 180000 L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> .TMP AT (250,250) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <5 14 0 0> T_POS <250 250 7249 4875> .VOID .TMP AT (250,5125) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <6 15 0 0> T_POS <250 5125 7249 9749> .VOID END .GRP END NOTES SLIDE_INFO SLIDE_STYLE <0 -1 1> LAYOUT_ID <9 12 12 12 12> END SLIDE_INFO PICTURE .TXT AT (4789,306) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <7 7 0 0 0 0 0> V_SPACE <0 611 0> SIZE 440000 BOLD ON HOR_JUST CENTER L_SPACE 611 MARGINS <0 0 0 0> TXTXYOFF <-43 438> T_PNTS (0,438)(0,0)(1455,0)(1455,449)(0,449)(0,438)(1455,438) .STR "Note!" .TXT AT (606,2253) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <20 20 0 19 0 0 0> PARA <-500 500 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <56 444 0> SIZE 320000 BOLD OFF HOR_JUST LEFT L_SPACE 444 TXTXYOFF <12 326> T_PNTS (0,326)(0,0)(9289,0)(9289,2718)(0,2718)(0,326)(9289,326) .STR "ARP packets are NOT IP datagrams!" .STR "\nARP is a completely separate protocol to IP" .STR "\nARP packets are never forwarded outside of the local network\n ARP is transparent; you rarely have to mess with it" END PICTURE NOTES .GRP BACKFILL <20 0 5 1000 0 0 0> PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 1 0 111> V_SPACE <0 250 0> SIZE 180000 L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> .TMP AT (250,250) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <5 14 0 0> T_POS <250 250 7249 4875> .VOID .TMP AT (250,5125) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <6 15 0 0> T_POS <250 5125 7249 9749> .VOID END .GRP END NOTES SLIDE_INFO SLIDE_STYLE <0 -1 1> LAYOUT_ID <1 2 12 12 12> END SLIDE_INFO PICTURE .TMP AT (103,84) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <1 0 0 0> T_POS <103 84 9891 1922> .TXT AT (1556,242) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATED ON BACKFILL <7 7 0 0 0 0 0> V_SPACE <0 611 0> SIZE 440000 BOLD ON HOR_JUST CENTER L_SPACE 611 MARGINS <0 0 0 0> TXTXYOFF <-1 438> T_PNTS (0,438)(0,0)(6829,0)(6829,570)(0,570)(0,438)(6829,438) .STR "Watching ARP in action" .TMP AT (103,2089) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <2 3 0 0> T_POS <103 2089 9891 7369> .TXT AT (80,2195) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATED ON BACKFILL <20 20 0 19 0 0 0> PARA <-500 500 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <56 444 0> SIZE 320000 BOLD OFF HOR_JUST LEFT L_SPACE 444 TXTXYOFF <12 326> T_PNTS (0,326)(0,0)(5086,0)(5086,419)(0,419)(0,326)(5086,326) .STR "Short practical exercise" END PICTURE NOTES .GRP BACKFILL <20 0 5 1000 0 0 0> PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 1 0 111> V_SPACE <0 250 0> SIZE 180000 L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> .TMP AT (250,250) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <5 14 0 0> T_POS <250 250 7249 4875> .VOID .TMP AT (250,5125) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <6 15 0 0> T_POS <250 5125 7249 9749> .VOID END .GRP END NOTES SLIDE_INFO SLIDE_STYLE <0 -1 1> LAYOUT_ID <1 2 12 12 12> END SLIDE_INFO PICTURE .TMP AT (103,84) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <1 0 0 0> T_POS <103 84 9891 1922> .TXT AT (335,230) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATED ON BACKFILL <7 7 0 0 0 0 0> V_SPACE <0 611 0> SIZE 440000 BOLD ON HOR_JUST CENTER L_SPACE 611 MARGINS <0 0 0 0> TXTXYOFF <-43 439> T_PNTS (0,439)(0,0)(9307,0)(9307,571)(0,571)(0,439)(9307,439) .STR "Different ways to build networks" .TMP AT (103,2089) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <2 3 0 0> T_POS <103 2089 9891 7369> .TXT AT (74,2189) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATED ON BACKFILL <20 20 0 19 0 0 0> PARA <-500 500 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <56 444 0> SIZE 320000 BOLD OFF HOR_JUST LEFT L_SPACE 444 TXTXYOFF <12 326> T_PNTS (0,326)(0,0)(8190,0)(8190,863)(0,863)(0,326)(8190,326) .STR "Use the OSI model to understand your options" END PICTURE NOTES .GRP BACKFILL <20 0 5 1000 0 0 0> PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 1 0 111> V_SPACE <0 250 0> SIZE 180000 L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> .TMP AT (250,250) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <5 14 0 0> T_POS <250 250 7249 4875> .VOID .TMP AT (250,5125) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <6 15 0 0> T_POS <250 5125 7249 9749> .VOID END .GRP END NOTES SLIDE_INFO SLIDE_STYLE <0 -1 1> LAYOUT_ID <9 12 12 12 12> END SLIDE_INFO PICTURE .LINE AT (2498,3082) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <34 2 5 1000 0 0 0> PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 34 0 111> PNTS (0,0)(0,1500) .LINE AT (7250,3083) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(0,1500) .TXT AT (1988,206) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <7 7 0 0 0 0 0> PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 1 0 111> V_SPACE <0 611 0> SIZE 440000 BOLD ON HOR_JUST CENTER L_SPACE 611 MARGINS <0 0 0 0> TXTXYOFF <-26 447> T_PNTS (0,447)(0,0)(6432,0)(6432,1190)(0,1190)(0,447)(6432,447) .STR "Growing your network\nat layer 1" .POL AT (2497,5082) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <34 2 5 1000 0 0 0> PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 34 0 111> V_SPACE <0 250 0> SIZE 180000 BOLD OFF HOR_JUST LEFT L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> PNTS (0,0)(1,0) .POL AT (2497,4583) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <34 2 0 0 0 0 0> PNTS (0,0)(0,500)(2000,500)(2000,0)(2000,0) .POL AT (5249,4584) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(0,500)(2000,500)(2000,0)(2000,0) .RECT AT (1999,2833) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <34 2 5 1000 0 0 0> PNTS (0,0)(998,0)(998,502)(0,502)(0,0) .RECT AT (2000,3585) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(998,0)(998,499)(0,499)(0,0) .RECT AT (2000,4333) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(998,0)(998,499)(0,499)(0,0) .POL AT (4396,4329) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(998,0)(998,502)(0,502)(0,0) .RECT AT (6751,2834) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(998,0)(998,502)(0,502)(0,0) .RECT AT (6752,3586) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(998,0)(998,499)(0,499)(0,0) .RECT AT (6752,4334) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(998,0)(998,499)(0,499)(0,0) .TXT AT (2230,4431) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <20 20 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 0 BOLD ON HOR_JUST CENTER MARGINS <0 0 0 0> TXTXYOFF <-15 179> T_PNTS (0,179)(0,0)(446,0)(446,184)(0,184)(0,179)(446,179) H_SPACE 0 .STR "Bits" .TXT AT (4631,4449) RECOLOR ON T_PNTS (0,179)(0,0)(446,0)(446,184)(0,184)(0,179)(446,179) .STR "Bits" .TXT AT (7013,4463) RECOLOR ON T_PNTS (0,179)(0,0)(446,0)(446,184)(0,184)(0,179)(446,179) .STR "Bits" .TXT AT (3937,3484) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <7 7 0 0 0 0 0> THICKNESS 1 PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 1 0 111> V_SPACE <0 333 0> SIZE 240000 L_SPACE 333 TXTXYOFF <0 238> T_PNTS (0,238)(0,0)(1795,0)(1795,572)(0,572)(0,238)(1795,238) H_SPACE 9789 .STR L_SPACE 611 "HUB or\nREPEATER" END PICTURE NOTES .GRP BACKFILL <44 0 5 1000 0 0 0> V_SPACE <0 250 0> SIZE 180000 BOLD OFF HOR_JUST LEFT L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> .TMP AT (250,250) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <5 14 0 0> T_POS <250 250 7249 4875> .VOID .TMP AT (250,5125) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <6 15 0 0> T_POS <250 5125 7249 9749> .VOID END .GRP END NOTES SLIDE_INFO SLIDE_STYLE <0 -1 1> LAYOUT_ID <1 2 12 12 12> END SLIDE_INFO PICTURE .TMP AT (103,84) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <1 0 0 0> T_POS <103 84 9891 1922> .TXT AT (1415,216) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATED ON BACKFILL <7 7 0 0 0 0 0> V_SPACE <0 611 0> SIZE 440000 BOLD ON HOR_JUST CENTER L_SPACE 611 MARGINS <0 0 0 0> TXTXYOFF <-3 447> T_PNTS (0,447)(0,0)(7071,0)(7071,577)(0,577)(0,447)(7071,447) .STR "What's a hub (repeater)?" .TMP AT (103,2089) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <2 3 0 0> T_POS <103 2089 9891 7369> .TXT AT (44,2163) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATED ON BACKFILL <20 20 0 19 0 0 0> PARA <-500 500 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <56 444 0> SIZE 320000 BOLD OFF HOR_JUST LEFT L_SPACE 444 TXTXYOFF <10 322> T_PNTS (0,322)(0,0)(9190,0)(9190,4744)(0,4744)(0,322)(9190,322) .STR "A dumb device which receives a stream of bits on one port, ampl ifies and resends them on all the other ports" .STR "\nReceives and sends one bit at a time" .STR PARA <-500 1000 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <28 389 0> SIZE 280000 "\n\tSo a hub could interconnect 10base2 and 10baseT networks, b ut not 10baseT and 100baseTX" .STR PARA <-500 500 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <56 444 0> SIZE 320000 "\nEthernet hubs can identify faulty devices (e.g. devices which are transmitting when they should not) and isolate them to prot ect the rest of the network" END PICTURE NOTES .GRP BACKFILL <44 0 5 1000 0 0 0> PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 1 0 111> V_SPACE <0 250 0> SIZE 180000 L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> .TMP AT (250,250) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <5 14 0 0> T_POS <250 250 7249 4875> .VOID .TMP AT (250,5125) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <6 15 0 0> T_POS <250 5125 7249 9749> .VOID END .GRP END NOTES SLIDE_INFO SLIDE_STYLE <0 -1 1> LAYOUT_ID <1 2 12 12 12> END SLIDE_INFO PICTURE .TMP AT (103,84) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <1 0 0 0> T_POS <103 84 9891 1922> .TXT AT (861,214) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATED ON BACKFILL <7 7 0 0 0 0 0> V_SPACE <0 611 0> SIZE 440000 BOLD ON HOR_JUST CENTER L_SPACE 611 MARGINS <0 0 0 0> TXTXYOFF <-84 439> T_PNTS (0,439)(0,0)(8388,0)(8388,1182)(0,1182)(0,439)(8388,439) .STR "Advantages of growing your network at layer 1" .TMP AT (103,2089) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <2 3 0 0> T_POS <103 2089 9891 7369> .TXT AT (44,2167) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATED ON BACKFILL <20 20 0 19 0 0 0> PARA <-500 500 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <56 444 0> SIZE 320000 BOLD OFF HOR_JUST LEFT L_SPACE 444 TXTXYOFF <10 318> T_PNTS (0,318)(0,0)(8319,0)(8319,415)(0,415)(0,318)(8319,318) .STR "Hubs are simple, cheap, \"plug and play\"" .RECT AT (3752,3497) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <34 2 5 1000 0 0 0> PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 34 0 111> V_SPACE <0 250 0> SIZE 180000 L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> PNTS (0,0)(1248,0)(1248,250)(0,250)(0,0) .POL AT (2001,4248) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(998,0)(998,250)(0,250)(0,0) .RECT AT (3250,4249) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(1001,0)(1001,250)(0,250)(0,0) .RECT AT (4500,4248) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(1000,0)(1000,250)(0,250)(0,0) .LINE AT (2377,3747) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,501)(1669,0) .LINE AT (3758,3747) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,502)(475,0) .LINE AT (4418,3747) RECOLOR ON PNTS (557,501)(0,0) .LINE AT (4749,3750) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(1501,499) .POL AT (2119,4995) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <17 2 5 1000 0 0 0> PNTS (0,0)(250,0)(250,252)(0,252)(0,0) .POL AT (2622,4996) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(250,0)(250,252)(0,252)(0,0) .POL AT (3372,4996) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(250,0)(250,252)(0,252)(0,0) .POL AT (3871,4996) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(250,0)(250,252)(0,252)(0,0) .POL AT (4622,4996) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(250,0)(250,252)(0,252)(0,0) .POL AT (5119,4993) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(250,0)(250,252)(0,252)(0,0) .POL AT (6249,4250) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(250,0)(250,252)(0,252)(0,0) .LINE AT (2245,4500) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <34 2 5 1000 0 0 0> PNTS (0,0)(0,500) .LINE AT (2741,4500) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(0,500) .LINE AT (3485,4500) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(0,500) .LINE AT (3981,4500) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(0,500) .LINE AT (4725,4500) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(0,500) .LINE AT (5221,4500) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(0,500) .TXT AT (4080,3502) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <20 20 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 0 MARGINS <0 0 0 0> TXTXYOFF <-15 179> T_PNTS (0,179)(0,0)(517,0)(517,183)(0,183)(0,179)(517,179) H_SPACE 0 .STR "hubs" END PICTURE NOTES .GRP BACKFILL <44 0 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 1 PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 1 0 111> MARGINS <125 125 250 62> .TMP AT (250,250) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <5 14 0 0> T_POS <250 250 7249 4875> .VOID .TMP AT (250,5125) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <6 15 0 0> T_POS <250 5125 7249 9749> .VOID END .GRP END NOTES SLIDE_INFO SLIDE_STYLE <0 -1 1> LAYOUT_ID <1 2 12 12 12> END SLIDE_INFO PICTURE .TMP AT (103,84) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <1 0 0 0> T_POS <103 84 9891 1922> .TXT AT (2868,219) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATED ON BACKFILL <7 7 0 0 0 0 0> V_SPACE <0 611 0> SIZE 440000 BOLD ON HOR_JUST CENTER L_SPACE 611 MARGINS <0 0 0 0> TXTXYOFF <-43 438> T_PNTS (0,438)(0,0)(4232,0)(4232,570)(0,570)(0,438)(4232,438) H_SPACE 9789 .STR "Disadvantages" .TMP AT (103,2089) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <2 3 0 0> T_POS <103 2089 9891 7369> .TXT AT (32,2154) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATED ON BACKFILL <20 20 0 19 0 0 0> PARA <-500 500 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <56 444 0> SIZE 320000 BOLD OFF HOR_JUST LEFT L_SPACE 444 TXTXYOFF <12 318> T_PNTS (0,318)(0,0)(9176,0)(9176,3102)(0,3102)(0,318)(9176,318) .STR "You can only have 4 hubs between any two machines, which limits the physical size of your network" .STR PARA <-500 1000 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <28 389 0> SIZE 280000 "\n\tDue to timings of collision detection system" .STR PARA <-500 500 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <56 444 0> SIZE 320000 "\nCan only connect two identical network technologies (e.g. 10M ethernet to 10M ethernet)" END PICTURE NOTES .GRP BACKFILL <44 0 5 1000 0 0 0> PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 1 0 111> V_SPACE <0 250 0> SIZE 180000 L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> .TMP AT (250,250) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <5 14 0 0> T_POS <250 250 7249 4875> .VOID .TMP AT (250,5125) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <6 15 0 0> T_POS <250 5125 7249 9749> .VOID END .GRP END NOTES SLIDE_INFO SLIDE_STYLE <0 -1 1> LAYOUT_ID <1 2 12 12 12> END SLIDE_INFO PICTURE .TMP AT (103,84) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <1 0 0 0> T_POS <103 84 9891 1922> .TXT AT (2096,242) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATED ON BACKFILL <7 7 0 0 0 0 0> V_SPACE <0 611 0> SIZE 440000 BOLD ON HOR_JUST CENTER L_SPACE 611 MARGINS <0 0 0 0> TXTXYOFF <-43 438> T_PNTS (0,438)(0,0)(5791,0)(5791,570)(0,570)(0,438)(5791,438) .STR "More disadvantages" .TMP AT (103,2089) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <2 3 0 0> T_POS <103 2089 9891 7369> .TXT AT (66,2181) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATED ON BACKFILL <20 20 0 19 0 0 0> PARA <-500 500 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <56 444 0> SIZE 320000 BOLD OFF HOR_JUST LEFT L_SPACE 444 TXTXYOFF <12 326> T_PNTS (0,326)(0,0)(9309,0)(9309,3108)(0,3108)(0,326)(9309,326) .STR "Only one machine can \"talk\" at any time; the total available network bandwidth is shared between all the machines" .STR "\nBecause of collision detection, the usable bandwidth on a 10b aseT network is about 4Mbps" .STR "\nWorks well for a few tens of machines" END PICTURE NOTES .GRP BACKFILL <20 0 5 1000 0 0 0> PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 1 0 111> V_SPACE <0 250 0> SIZE 180000 L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> .TMP AT (250,250) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <5 14 0 0> T_POS <250 250 7249 4875> .VOID .TMP AT (250,5125) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <6 15 0 0> T_POS <250 5125 7249 9749> .VOID END .GRP END NOTES SLIDE_INFO SLIDE_STYLE <0 -1 1> LAYOUT_ID <9 12 12 12 12> END SLIDE_INFO PICTURE .LINE AT (2719,3077) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <34 2 5 1000 0 0 0> PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 34 0 111> PNTS (0,0)(0,1500) .LINE AT (7968,3078) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(0,1500) .TXT AT (2235,291) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <7 7 0 0 0 0 0> PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 1 0 111> V_SPACE <0 611 0> SIZE 440000 BOLD ON HOR_JUST CENTER L_SPACE 611 MARGINS <0 0 0 0> TXTXYOFF <-26 447> T_PNTS (0,447)(0,0)(6432,0)(6432,1190)(0,1190)(0,447)(6432,447) .STR "Growing your network\nat layer 2" .POL AT (2718,5077) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <34 2 5 1000 0 0 0> PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 34 0 111> V_SPACE <0 250 0> SIZE 180000 BOLD OFF HOR_JUST LEFT L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> PNTS (0,0)(1,0) .POL AT (2718,4578) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <34 2 0 0 0 0 0> PNTS (0,0)(0,500)(2000,500)(2000,0)(2000,0) .POL AT (5967,4579) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(0,500)(2000,500)(2000,0)(2000,0) .POL AT (4968,3827) RECOLOR ON THICKNESS 28 PNTS (0,750)(0,0)(750,0)(750,750)(750,750) .RECT AT (2220,2828) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <34 2 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 1 PNTS (0,0)(998,0)(998,502)(0,502)(0,0) .RECT AT (2221,3580) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(998,0)(998,499)(0,499)(0,0) .RECT AT (2221,4328) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(998,0)(998,499)(0,499)(0,0) .RECT AT (4827,3575) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(998,0)(998,502)(0,502)(0,0) .RECT AT (4220,4325) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(998,0)(998,499)(0,499)(0,0) .RECT AT (5469,4325) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(998,0)(998,499)(0,499)(0,0) .RECT AT (7469,2829) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(998,0)(998,502)(0,502)(0,0) .RECT AT (7470,3581) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(998,0)(998,499)(0,499)(0,0) .RECT AT (7470,4329) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(998,0)(998,499)(0,499)(0,0) .TXT AT (2208,3726) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <20 20 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 0 BOLD ON HOR_JUST CENTER MARGINS <0 0 0 0> TXTXYOFF <-18 179> T_PNTS (0,179)(0,0)(990,0)(990,184)(0,184)(0,179)(990,179) H_SPACE 0 .STR "Ethernet" .TXT AT (4833,3729) RECOLOR ON TXTXYOFF <-17 179> T_PNTS (0,179)(0,0)(990,0)(990,184)(0,184)(0,179)(990,179) .STR "Ethernet" .TXT AT (7443,3697) RECOLOR ON T_PNTS (0,179)(0,0)(990,0)(990,184)(0,184)(0,179)(990,179) .STR "Ethernet" .TXT AT (4412,2759) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <7 7 0 0 0 0 0> THICKNESS 1 PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 1 0 111> V_SPACE <0 333 0> SIZE 240000 L_SPACE 333 TXTXYOFF <1 244> T_PNTS (0,244)(0,0)(1702,0)(1702,583)(0,583)(0,244)(1702,244) H_SPACE 9789 .STR L_SPACE 611 "SWITCH\nor BRIDGE" END PICTURE NOTES .GRP BACKFILL <20 0 5 1000 0 0 0> V_SPACE <0 250 0> SIZE 180000 BOLD OFF HOR_JUST LEFT L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> .TMP AT (250,250) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <5 14 0 0> T_POS <250 250 7249 4875> .VOID .TMP AT (250,5125) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <6 15 0 0> T_POS <250 5125 7249 9749> .VOID END .GRP END NOTES SLIDE_INFO SLIDE_STYLE <0 -1 1> LAYOUT_ID <1 2 12 12 12> END SLIDE_INFO PICTURE .TMP AT (103,84) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <1 0 0 0> T_POS <103 84 9891 1922> .TXT AT (1312,234) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATED ON BACKFILL <7 7 0 0 0 0 0> V_SPACE <0 611 0> SIZE 440000 BOLD ON HOR_JUST CENTER L_SPACE 611 MARGINS <0 0 0 0> TXTXYOFF <-3 447> T_PNTS (0,447)(0,0)(7308,0)(7308,579)(0,579)(0,447)(7308,447) .STR "What's a switch (bridge)?" .TMP AT (103,2089) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <2 3 0 0> T_POS <103 2089 9891 7369> .TXT AT (74,2197) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATED ON BACKFILL <20 20 0 19 0 0 0> PARA <-500 500 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <56 444 0> SIZE 320000 BOLD OFF HOR_JUST LEFT L_SPACE 444 TXTXYOFF <12 318> T_PNTS (0,318)(0,0)(9259,0)(9259,4819)(0,4819)(0,318)(9259,318) .STR "A device which reads whole ethernet frames, stores and forwards them" .STR "\nLearns which MAC addresses are connected to which port" .STR PARA <-500 1000 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <28 389 0> SIZE 280000 "\n\tby monitoring source MAC addresses" .STR PARA <-500 500 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <56 444 0> SIZE 320000 "\nFrames addressed to a particular machine are only sent on the port where that machine is connected" .STR PARA <-500 1000 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <28 389 0> SIZE 280000 "\n\tUnlike a hub, which sends data on all ports" .STR "\n\tHowever, broadcast frames are still sent out on every port" END PICTURE NOTES .GRP BACKFILL <20 0 5 1000 0 0 0> PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 1 0 111> V_SPACE <0 250 0> SIZE 180000 L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> .TMP AT (250,250) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <5 14 0 0> T_POS <250 250 7249 4875> .VOID .TMP AT (250,5125) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <6 15 0 0> T_POS <250 5125 7249 9749> .VOID END .GRP END NOTES SLIDE_INFO SLIDE_STYLE <0 -1 1> LAYOUT_ID <1 2 12 12 12> END SLIDE_INFO PICTURE .TMP AT (103,84) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <1 0 0 0> T_POS <103 84 9891 1922> .TXT AT (877,242) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATED ON BACKFILL <7 7 0 0 0 0 0> V_SPACE <0 611 0> SIZE 440000 BOLD ON HOR_JUST CENTER L_SPACE 611 MARGINS <0 0 0 0> TXTXYOFF <1 439> T_PNTS (0,439)(0,0)(8207,0)(8207,1182)(0,1182)(0,439)(8207,439) .STR "Advantages of building your\nnetwork at layer 2" .TMP AT (103,2089) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <2 3 0 0> T_POS <103 2089 9891 7369> .TXT AT (60,2175) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATED ON BACKFILL <20 20 0 19 0 0 0> PARA <-500 500 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <56 444 0> SIZE 320000 BOLD OFF HOR_JUST LEFT L_SPACE 444 TXTXYOFF <12 326> T_PNTS (0,326)(0,0)(9131,0)(9131,2756)(0,2756)(0,326)(9131,326) .STR "Switches are simple drop-in replacements for hubs, and now almo st as cheap" .STR "\nMore advanced switches allow remote management (interface sta tus, counters etc)" .STR "\n" .STR "Can mix-and-match 10M ethernet, 100M ethernet and gigabit ether net" .RECT AT (4412,5168) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <44 2 5 1000 0 0 0> PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 34 0 111> V_SPACE <0 250 0> SIZE 180000 L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> PNTS (0,0)(1248,0)(1248,250)(0,250)(0,0) .POL AT (2661,5919) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(998,0)(998,250)(0,250)(0,0) .RECT AT (3910,5920) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <34 2 5 1000 0 0 0> PNTS (0,0)(1001,0)(1001,250)(0,250)(0,0) .RECT AT (5160,5919) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(1000,0)(1000,250)(0,250)(0,0) .LINE AT (3037,5418) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,501)(1669,0) .POL AT (4418,5418) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,502)(475,0) .POL AT (5078,5418) RECOLOR ON PNTS (557,501)(0,0) .LINE AT (5409,5421) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(1501,499) .POL AT (2779,6666) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <17 2 5 1000 0 0 0> PNTS (0,0)(250,0)(250,252)(0,252)(0,0) .POL AT (3282,6667) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(250,0)(250,252)(0,252)(0,0) .POL AT (4032,6667) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(250,0)(250,252)(0,252)(0,0) .POL AT (4531,6667) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(250,0)(250,252)(0,252)(0,0) .POL AT (5282,6667) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(250,0)(250,252)(0,252)(0,0) .POL AT (5779,6664) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(250,0)(250,252)(0,252)(0,0) .POL AT (6909,5921) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(250,0)(250,252)(0,252)(0,0) .LINE AT (2905,6171) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <34 2 5 1000 0 0 0> PNTS (0,0)(0,500) .LINE AT (3401,6171) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(0,500) .LINE AT (4145,6171) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(0,500) .LINE AT (4641,6171) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(0,500) .LINE AT (5385,6171) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(0,500) .LINE AT (5881,6171) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(0,500) .TXT AT (4652,5170) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <20 20 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 0 HOR_JUST CENTER MARGINS <0 0 0 0> TXTXYOFF <-6 179> T_PNTS (0,179)(0,0)(668,0)(668,183)(0,183)(0,179)(668,179) H_SPACE 0 .STR "switch" .TXT AT (2833,5931) RECOLOR ON T_PNTS (0,179)(0,0)(668,0)(668,183)(0,183)(0,179)(668,179) .STR "switch" .TXT AT (4212,5917) RECOLOR ON TXTXYOFF <-14 179> T_PNTS (0,179)(0,0)(392,0)(392,183)(0,183)(0,179)(392,179) .STR "hub" .TXT AT (5440,5933) RECOLOR ON T_PNTS (0,179)(0,0)(392,0)(392,183)(0,183)(0,179)(392,179) .STR "hub" .TXT AT (3149,5442) RECOLOR ON HOR_JUST LEFT TXTXYOFF <-24 179> T_PNTS (0,179)(0,0)(582,0)(582,184)(0,184)(0,179)(582,179) .STR "100M" .TXT AT (6110,5418) RECOLOR ON T_PNTS (0,179)(0,0)(721,0)(721,184)(0,184)(0,179)(721,179) .STR "1000M" .TXT AT (4014,5658) RECOLOR ON T_PNTS (0,179)(0,0)(443,0)(443,184)(0,184)(0,179)(443,179) .STR "10M" .TXT AT (4907,5665) RECOLOR ON T_PNTS (0,179)(0,0)(443,0)(443,184)(0,184)(0,179)(443,179) .STR "10M" .TXT AT (3415,6337) RECOLOR ON T_PNTS (0,179)(0,0)(443,0)(443,184)(0,184)(0,179)(443,179) .STR "10M" .TXT AT (2156,6343) RECOLOR ON T_PNTS (0,179)(0,0)(582,0)(582,184)(0,184)(0,179)(582,179) .STR "100M" .LINE AT (2845,6285) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <34 2 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 1 R_ARROW 1 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> PNTS (0,250)(0,0) .LINE AT (2965,6285) RECOLOR ON L_ARROW 1 R_ARROW 0 PNTS (0,250)(0,0) .LINE AT (3924,5435) RECOLOR ON L_ARROW 0 R_ARROW 1 PNTS (0,80)(260,0) .LINE AT (3989,5500) RECOLOR ON L_ARROW 1 R_ARROW 0 PNTS (0,80)(260,0) .LINE AT (5799,5395) RECOLOR ON L_ARROW 0 R_ARROW 1 PNTS (260,80)(0,0) .LINE AT (5754,5465) RECOLOR ON L_ARROW 1 R_ARROW 0 PNTS (260,80)(0,0) END PICTURE NOTES .GRP BACKFILL <20 0 5 1000 0 0 0> L_ARROW 0 PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 1 0 111> .TMP AT (250,250) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <5 14 0 0> T_POS <250 250 7249 4875> .VOID .TMP AT (250,5125) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <6 15 0 0> T_POS <250 5125 7249 9749> .VOID END .GRP END NOTES SLIDE_INFO SLIDE_STYLE <0 -1 1> LAYOUT_ID <1 2 12 12 12> END SLIDE_INFO PICTURE .TMP AT (103,84) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <1 0 0 0> T_POS <103 84 9891 1922> .TXT AT (1515,242) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATED ON BACKFILL <7 7 0 0 0 0 0> V_SPACE <0 611 0> SIZE 440000 BOLD ON HOR_JUST CENTER L_SPACE 611 MARGINS <0 0 0 0> TXTXYOFF <0 439> T_PNTS (0,439)(0,0)(6915,0)(6915,571)(0,571)(0,439)(6915,439) H_SPACE 9789 .STR "Advantages of switches" .TMP AT (103,2089) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <2 3 0 0> T_POS <103 2089 9891 7369> .TXT AT (69,2190) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATED ON BACKFILL <20 20 0 19 0 0 0> PARA <-500 500 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <56 444 0> SIZE 320000 BOLD OFF HOR_JUST LEFT L_SPACE 444 TXTXYOFF <10 318> T_PNTS (0,318)(0,0)(9121,0)(9121,4626)(0,4626)(0,318)(9121,318) .STR "A switch can receive packets on multiple ports simultaneously" .STR PARA <-500 1000 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <28 389 0> SIZE 280000 "\n\tMachine A can be sending to machine B at the " .STR ITALICS ON "same" .STR ITALICS OFF " " .STR ITALICS ON "time" .STR ITALICS OFF " that machine C is sending to machine D" .STR "\n\tMore total bandwidth available" .STR PARA <-500 500 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <56 444 0> SIZE 320000 "\nIndividual hosts can transmit and receive simultaneously" .STR PARA <-500 1000 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <28 389 0> SIZE 280000 "\n\tKnown as \"full duplex\" mode; needs to be agreed by both s ides (can auto-negotiate)" .STR "\n\tEliminates collisions entirely" END PICTURE NOTES .GRP BACKFILL <20 0 5 1000 0 0 0> PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 1 0 111> V_SPACE <0 250 0> SIZE 180000 L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> .TMP AT (250,250) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <5 14 0 0> T_POS <250 250 7249 4875> .VOID .TMP AT (250,5125) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <6 15 0 0> T_POS <250 5125 7249 9749> .VOID END .GRP END NOTES SLIDE_INFO SLIDE_STYLE <0 -1 1> LAYOUT_ID <1 2 12 12 12> END SLIDE_INFO PICTURE .TMP AT (103,84) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <1 0 0 0> T_POS <103 84 9891 1922> .TXT AT (1138,242) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATED ON BACKFILL <7 7 0 0 0 0 0> V_SPACE <0 611 0> SIZE 440000 BOLD ON HOR_JUST CENTER L_SPACE 611 MARGINS <0 0 0 0> TXTXYOFF <-45 439> T_PNTS (0,439)(0,0)(7717,0)(7717,571)(0,571)(0,439)(7717,439) .STR "Disadvantages of switches" .TMP AT (103,2089) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <2 3 0 0> T_POS <103 2089 9891 7369> .TXT AT (63,2186) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATED ON BACKFILL <20 20 0 19 0 0 0> PARA <-500 500 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <56 444 0> SIZE 320000 BOLD OFF HOR_JUST LEFT L_SPACE 444 TXTXYOFF <12 318> T_PNTS (0,318)(0,0)(9243,0)(9243,4791)(0,4791)(0,318)(9243,318) .STR "Broadcast packets still appear on every port. Eventually broadc ast noise is a problem." .STR PARA <-500 1000 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <28 389 0> SIZE 280000 "\n\te.g. Windows machines send at least one broadcast packet ev ery 30 seconds" .STR PARA <-500 500 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <56 444 0> SIZE 320000 "\nSwitches have to build a table with" .STR " the MAC address of every device on your network. Typical limit is one or two thousand entries." .STR "\nDifficult to build loops or multiple paths into your network for redundancy" .STR PARA <-500 1000 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <28 389 0> SIZE 280000 "\n\tcan be done but adds a lot of complexity: e.g. Spanning Tre e" END PICTURE NOTES .GRP BACKFILL <20 0 5 1000 0 0 0> PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 1 0 111> V_SPACE <0 250 0> SIZE 180000 L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> .TMP AT (250,250) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <5 14 0 0> T_POS <250 250 7249 4875> .VOID .TMP AT (250,5125) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <6 15 0 0> T_POS <250 5125 7249 9749> .VOID END .GRP END NOTES SLIDE_INFO SLIDE_STYLE <0 -1 1> LAYOUT_ID <1 2 12 12 12> END SLIDE_INFO PICTURE .TMP AT (103,84) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <1 0 0 0> T_POS <103 84 9891 1922> .TXT AT (1138,242) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATED ON BACKFILL <7 7 0 0 0 0 0> V_SPACE <0 611 0> SIZE 440000 BOLD ON HOR_JUST CENTER L_SPACE 611 MARGINS <0 0 0 0> TXTXYOFF <-45 439> T_PNTS (0,439)(0,0)(7717,0)(7717,571)(0,571)(0,439)(7717,439) .STR "Disadvantages of switches" .TMP AT (103,2089) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <2 3 0 0> T_POS <103 2089 9891 7369> .TXT AT (60,2183) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATED ON BACKFILL <20 20 0 19 0 0 0> PARA <-500 500 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <56 444 0> SIZE 320000 BOLD OFF HOR_JUST LEFT L_SPACE 444 TXTXYOFF <12 318> T_PNTS (0,318)(0,0)(9259,0)(9259,4883)(0,4883)(0,318)(9259,318) .STR "\nThere is no layer 2 ping or traceroute. With a complex networ k of switches, debugging becomes a problem" .STR "\nNo isolation" .STR PARA <-500 1000 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <28 389 0> SIZE 280000 "\n\tBroadcast storms affect everyone" .STR "\n\tOne user can 'steal' another user's IP address, accidentall y or maliciously" .STR PARA <-500 500 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <56 444 0> SIZE 320000 "\nAuto-detection of half/full-duplex does not always work" .STR PARA <-500 1000 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <28 389 0> SIZE 280000 "\n\tCisco devices are particularly bad" .STR PARA <-500 500 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <56 444 0> SIZE 320000 "\nWorks well up to a few hundred devices" END PICTURE NOTES .GRP BACKFILL <20 0 5 1000 0 0 0> PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 1 0 111> V_SPACE <0 250 0> SIZE 180000 L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> .TMP AT (250,250) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <5 14 0 0> T_POS <250 250 7249 4875> .VOID .TMP AT (250,5125) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <6 15 0 0> T_POS <250 5125 7249 9749> .VOID END .GRP END NOTES SLIDE_INFO SLIDE_STYLE <0 -1 1> LAYOUT_ID <9 12 12 12 12> END SLIDE_INFO PICTURE .LINE AT (9594,1890) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <34 2 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 28 PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 34 0 111> PNTS (0,0)(0,4500) .LINE AT (1095,1889) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(0,4500) .TXT AT (2113,350) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <7 7 0 0 0 0 0> THICKNESS 1 PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 1 0 111> V_SPACE <0 611 0> SIZE 440000 BOLD ON HOR_JUST CENTER L_SPACE 611 MARGINS <0 0 0 0> TXTXYOFF <-26 447> T_PNTS (0,447)(0,0)(6432,0)(6432,1190)(0,1190)(0,447)(6432,447) .STR "Growing your network\nat layer 3" .POL AT (596,1640) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <34 2 5 1000 0 0 0> PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 34 0 111> V_SPACE <0 250 0> SIZE 180000 BOLD OFF HOR_JUST LEFT L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> PNTS (0,0)(999,0)(999,497)(0,497)(0,0) .RECT AT (596,2392) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(998,0)(998,502)(0,502)(0,0) .RECT AT (597,3144) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(998,0)(998,499)(0,499)(0,0) .POL AT (597,3887) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(999,0)(999,497)(0,497)(0,0) .RECT AT (597,4639) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(998,0)(998,502)(0,502)(0,0) .RECT AT (598,5391) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(998,0)(998,499)(0,499)(0,0) .POL AT (9095,1640) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(999,0)(999,497)(0,497)(0,0) .RECT AT (9095,2392) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(998,0)(998,502)(0,502)(0,0) .RECT AT (9096,3144) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(998,0)(998,499)(0,499)(0,0) .POL AT (9096,3887) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(999,0)(999,497)(0,497)(0,0) .RECT AT (9096,4639) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(998,0)(998,502)(0,502)(0,0) .RECT AT (9097,5391) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(998,0)(998,499)(0,499)(0,0) .POL AT (1095,6888) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(1,0) .POL AT (1095,5639) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <34 2 0 0 0 0 0> THICKNESS 28 PNTS (0,750)(0,1250)(2000,1250)(2000,0)(2000,0)(2000,0)(2000,0)(2000,0) (2000,0) .POL AT (7592,5640) RECOLOR ON PNTS (2000,750)(2000,1250)(0,1250)(0,0)(0,0)(0,0)(0,0)(0,0)(0,0) .POL AT (4345,5639) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(0,1250)(2000,1250)(2000,0)(2000,0) .POL AT (5595,3889) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <34 2 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 1 PNTS (0,0)(1,0) .POL AT (3345,4889) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <34 2 0 0 0 0 0> THICKNESS 28 PNTS (0,750)(0,0)(750,0)(750,750)(750,750) .POL AT (6594,4890) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,750)(0,0)(750,0)(750,750)(750,750) .RECT AT (598,6139) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <34 2 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 1 PNTS (0,0)(998,0)(998,499)(0,499)(0,0) .RECT AT (3231,4635) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(998,0)(998,502)(0,502)(0,0) .RECT AT (2597,5388) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(998,0)(998,499)(0,499)(0,0) .RECT AT (2597,6136) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(998,0)(998,499)(0,499)(0,0) .RECT AT (3846,5388) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(998,0)(998,499)(0,499)(0,0) .RECT AT (3846,6136) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(998,0)(998,499)(0,499)(0,0) .RECT AT (6481,4635) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(998,0)(998,502)(0,502)(0,0) .RECT AT (5847,5388) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(998,0)(998,499)(0,499)(0,0) .RECT AT (5847,6136) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(998,0)(998,499)(0,499)(0,0) .RECT AT (7096,5388) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(998,0)(998,499)(0,499)(0,0) .RECT AT (7096,6136) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(998,0)(998,499)(0,499)(0,0) .RECT AT (9097,6139) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,0)(998,0)(998,499)(0,499)(0,0) .TXT AT (980,4758) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <20 20 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 0 BOLD ON HOR_JUST CENTER MARGINS <0 0 0 0> TXTXYOFF <-14 179> T_PNTS (0,179)(0,0)(211,0)(211,180)(0,180)(0,179)(211,179) H_SPACE 0 .STR "IP" .TXT AT (3612,4775) RECOLOR ON TXTXYOFF <-15 179> T_PNTS (0,179)(0,0)(212,0)(212,180)(0,180)(0,179)(212,179) .STR "IP" .TXT AT (6852,4775) RECOLOR ON TXTXYOFF <-14 179> T_PNTS (0,179)(0,0)(211,0)(211,180)(0,180)(0,179)(211,179) .STR "IP" .TXT AT (9512,4775) RECOLOR ON T_PNTS (0,179)(0,0)(211,0)(211,180)(0,180)(0,179)(211,179) .STR "IP" .TXT AT (3043,4238) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <7 7 0 0 0 0 0> THICKNESS 1 PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 1 0 111> V_SPACE <0 333 0> SIZE 240000 L_SPACE 333 TXTXYOFF <-24 244> T_PNTS (0,244)(0,0)(1363,0)(1363,251)(0,251)(0,244)(1363,244) H_SPACE 9789 .STR L_SPACE 611 "ROUTER" .TXT AT (6290,4238) RECOLOR ON L_SPACE 333 TXTXYOFF <-23 244> T_PNTS (0,244)(0,0)(1363,0)(1363,251)(0,251)(0,244)(1363,244) .STR L_SPACE 611 "ROUTER" END PICTURE NOTES .GRP BACKFILL <20 0 5 1000 0 0 0> V_SPACE <0 250 0> SIZE 180000 BOLD OFF HOR_JUST LEFT L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> .TMP AT (250,250) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <5 14 0 0> T_POS <250 250 7249 4875> .VOID .TMP AT (250,5125) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <6 15 0 0> T_POS <250 5125 7249 9749> .VOID END .GRP END NOTES SLIDE_INFO SLIDE_STYLE <0 -1 1> LAYOUT_ID <9 12 12 12 12> END SLIDE_INFO PICTURE .TXT AT (532,6646) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <20 20 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 0 PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 34 0 111> MARGINS <0 0 0 0> TXTXYOFF <1 184> T_PNTS (0,184)(0,0)(4382,0)(4382,239)(0,239)(0,184)(4382,184) H_SPACE 0 .STR "* Otherwise it is just a multi-homed host" .TXT AT (2990,294) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <7 7 0 0 0 0 0> THICKNESS 1 PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 1 0 111> V_SPACE <0 611 0> SIZE 440000 BOLD ON HOR_JUST CENTER L_SPACE 611 TXTXYOFF <-1 447> T_PNTS (0,447)(0,0)(4932,0)(4932,458)(0,458)(0,447)(4932,447) H_SPACE 9789 .STR "What is a router?" .TXT AT (548,2257) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <20 20 0 19 0 0 0> PARA <-500 500 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <56 444 0> SIZE 320000 BOLD OFF HOR_JUST LEFT L_SPACE 444 TXTXYOFF <10 322> T_PNTS (0,322)(0,0)(9262,0)(9262,3695)(0,3695)(0,322)(9262,322) .STR "A host with two or more interfaces " .STR ITALICS ON "and" .STR ITALICS OFF " which has been configured to forward datagrams *" .STR "\nWorks at layer 3: receives datagrams and forwards them based on the destination IP address" .STR "\nFor a full definition see RFC 1812" .STR "\nOlder documents call it a \"Gateway\" but this term is normal ly used for a layer 7 gateway" END PICTURE NOTES .GRP BACKFILL <20 0 5 1000 0 0 0> PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 1 0 111> V_SPACE <0 250 0> SIZE 180000 L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> .TMP AT (250,250) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <5 14 0 0> T_POS <250 250 7249 4875> .VOID .TMP AT (250,5125) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <6 15 0 0> T_POS <250 5125 7249 9749> .VOID END .GRP END NOTES SLIDE_INFO SLIDE_STYLE <0 -1 1> LAYOUT_ID <9 12 12 12 12> END SLIDE_INFO PICTURE .POL AT (2149,5511) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <34 2 0 0 0 0 0> THICKNESS 56 PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 34 0 111> PNTS (2250,500)(2250,0)(0,0)(0,0)(0,0)(0,0) .POL AT (5399,5511) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <7 2 0 0 0 0 0> LINEFILL <7 21 5 1000 0 0 0> PNTS (0,500)(0,0)(2250,0)(2250,0)(2250,0) .RECT AT (4148,6011) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <34 2 5 1000 0 0 0> LINEFILL <21 21 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 1 PNTS (0,0)(1500,0)(1500,1000)(0,1000)(0,0) .TXT AT (2354,5522) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <20 20 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 0 V_SPACE <0 333 0> SIZE 240000 L_SPACE 333 MARGINS <0 0 0 0> TXTXYOFF <0 244> T_PNTS (0,244)(0,0)(1192,0)(1192,276)(0,276)(0,244)(1192,244) H_SPACE 0 .STR L_SPACE 250 "x.x.x.x/n" .TXT AT (5939,5522) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <7 20 0 0 0 0 0> LINEFILL <7 21 5 1000 0 0 0> L_SPACE 333 TXTXYOFF <-3 244> T_PNTS (0,244)(0,0)(1283,0)(1283,318)(0,318)(0,244)(1283,244) .STR L_SPACE 250 "y.y.y.y/m" .TXT AT (4225,6057) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <20 20 5 1000 0 0 0> LINEFILL <21 21 5 1000 0 0 0> L_SPACE 333 TXTXYOFF <-29 238> T_PNTS (0,238)(0,0)(402,0)(402,239)(0,239)(0,238)(402,238) .STR L_SPACE 250 "IP1" .TXT AT (5118,6064) RECOLOR ON L_SPACE 333 T_PNTS (0,238)(0,0)(455,0)(455,239)(0,239)(0,238)(455,238) .STR L_SPACE 250 "IP2" .TXT AT (2004,244) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <7 7 0 0 0 0 0> THICKNESS 1 PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 1 0 111> V_SPACE <0 611 0> SIZE 440000 BOLD ON HOR_JUST CENTER L_SPACE 611 TXTXYOFF <-3 447> T_PNTS (0,447)(0,0)(7264,0)(7264,574)(0,574)(0,447)(7264,447) H_SPACE 9789 .STR "What is a router? (Contd)" .TXT AT (723,2211) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <20 20 0 19 0 0 0> PARA <-500 500 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <56 444 0> SIZE 320000 BOLD OFF HOR_JUST LEFT L_SPACE 444 TXTXYOFF <10 318> T_PNTS (0,318)(0,0)(9229,0)(9229,2657)(0,2657)(0,318)(9229,318) .STR "A router is connected to two or more networks" .STR "\nThe Golden Rules say that every network must have its own pre fix" .STR "\nTherefore a router must have two or more IP addresses - one f or each interface" END PICTURE NOTES .GRP BACKFILL <20 0 5 1000 0 0 0> PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 1 0 111> V_SPACE <0 250 0> SIZE 180000 L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> .TMP AT (250,250) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <5 14 0 0> T_POS <250 250 7249 4875> .VOID .TMP AT (250,5125) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <6 15 0 0> T_POS <250 5125 7249 9749> .VOID END .GRP END NOTES SLIDE_INFO SLIDE_STYLE <0 -1 1> LAYOUT_ID <9 12 12 12 12> END SLIDE_INFO PICTURE .POL AT (1911,3307) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <34 2 0 0 0 0 0> THICKNESS 56 PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 34 0 111> PNTS (2250,500)(2250,0)(0,0)(0,0)(0,0)(0,0) .POL AT (5161,3307) RECOLOR ON PNTS (0,500)(0,0)(2250,0)(2250,0)(2250,0) .RECT AT (3910,3807) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <34 2 5 1000 0 0 0> THICKNESS 1 PNTS (0,0)(1500,0)(1500,1000)(0,1000)(0,0) .GRP BACKFILL <1 0 0 0 0 0 0> LINEFILL <1 2 5 1000 0 0 0> SHADOW <6 0 15 15> PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 1 0 111> FONT 0 .POL AT (3899,3065) BACKFILL <7 0 0 5 0 0 0> THICKNESS 0 PNTS (732,578)(997,578)(607,1048)(229,576)(494,576)(494,547)(494,525) (491,499)(488,470)(485,441)(481,413)(476,386)(469,360)(462,333) (454,309)(443,285)(433,259)(424,237)(412,214)(398,194)(385,173) (370,153)(353,135)(336,116)(317,100)(298,86)(278,72)(255,59) (233,46)(208,36)(181,28)(155,19)(127,12)(97,7)(65,5)(33,0) (0,0)(49,0)(97,2)(143,5)(186,5)(226,10)(266,14)(304,19)(339,25) (371,32)(405,41)(433,51)(462,60)(489,72)(504,86)(529,100)(549,116) (571,133)(590,152)(607,173)(623,193)(639,216)(653,240)(665,267) (676,295)(687,325)(697,357)(705,390)(712,427)(719,463)(725,503) (728,535)(732,578) .POL AT (4631,3636) BACKFILL <1 0 0 5 0 0 0> PNTS (259,4)(265,16)(0,16)(0,0)(265,0)(269,11)(265,0)(279,0)(269,11) (259,4) .POL AT (4501,3640) PNTS (11,470)(0,470)(389,0)(399,7)(11,477)(0,477)(11,477)(5,484) (0,477)(11,470) .POL AT (4113,3635) PNTS (15,16)(21,4)(399,475)(388,482)(11,11)(15,0)(11,11)(0,0)(15,0) (15,16) .POL AT (4128,3635) PNTS (272,6)(265,16)(0,16)(0,0)(265,0)(258,6)(272,6)(272,16)(265,16) (272,6) .POL AT (3899,3058) PNTS (0,16)(0,0)(33,1)(65,4)(97,7)(128,12)(156,19)(184,27)(209,37) (234,48)(258,59)(281,73)(302,86)(322,102)(341,120)(360,137) (376,156)(390,175)(405,196)(418,218)(430,240)(441,265)(451,289) (460,313)(469,339)(476,364)(482,392)(487,419)(491,447)(496,476) (498,506)(500,532)(500,554)(501,583)(487,583)(487,554)(487,532) (484,506)(482,477)(478,449)(474,421)(468,394)(462,368)(455,342) (448,317)(437,292)(428,269)(418,246)(406,226)(393,204)(379,184) (364,165)(347,147)(331,130)(313,113)(295,99)(273,84)(253,73) (229,59)(205,51)(179,41)(153,32)(125,27)(96,21)(65,18)(33,16) (0,16)(0,0)(0,16) .POL AT (3899,3058) PNTS (732,594)(725,586)(721,542)(719,511)(711,471)(706,434)(697,399) (691,365)(680,335)(669,305)(659,276)(647,252)(632,227)(618,203) (602,183)(584,164)(566,145)(545,129)(524,113)(504,99)(487,85) (460,74)(433,65)(403,54)(370,47)(337,39)(303,32)(266,27)(226,23) (186,21)(143,18)(97,16)(49,16)(0,16)(0,0)(49,1)(97,2)(143,4) (186,7)(226,10)(266,13)(305,19)(340,26)(374,32)(406,41)(435,51) (465,60)(492,73)(508,86)(531,101)(555,117)(575,136)(595,155) (613,174)(630,196)(645,219)(659,245)(671,272)(683,300)(694,331) (703,363)(711,397)(719,433)(725,470)(730,510)(735,541)(739,585) (732,578)(732,594) END .GRP .GRP BACKFILL <1 0 0 0 0 0 0> THICKNESS 1 .POL AT (4853,2574) BACKFILL <7 0 0 5 0 0 0> THICKNESS 0 PNTS (578,265)(578,0)(1048,390)(575,767)(575,502)(546,502)(525,502) (499,504)(470,507)(441,510)(413,514)(386,519)(360,526)(333,533) (309,541)(285,552)(259,562)(237,571)(214,583)(194,597)(173,610) (153,625)(135,642)(116,659)(100,678)(86,697)(72,717)(59,740) (46,762)(36,787)(28,814)(19,840)(12,868)(7,898)(5,930)(0,962) (0,995)(0,946)(2,898)(5,852)(5,809)(10,769)(14,729)(19,691) (25,656)(32,624)(41,590)(51,562)(60,533)(72,506)(86,492)(101,467) (117,447)(134,425)(153,406)(174,389)(194,373)(217,357)(241,343) (268,331)(296,320)(326,309)(358,299)(391,291)(428,284)(464,277) (504,271)(535,269)(578,265) .POL AT (5424,2560) BACKFILL <1 0 0 5 0 0 0> PNTS (4,20)(16,14)(16,279)(0,279)(0,14)(11,10)(0,14)(0,0)(11,10) (4,20) .POL AT (5428,2570) PNTS (470,388)(470,399)(0,10)(7,0)(477,388)(477,399)(477,388)(484,394) (477,399)(470,388) .POL AT (5422,2958) PNTS (16,383)(4,377)(476,0)(483,11)(11,387)(0,383)(11,387)(0,398) (0,383)(16,383) .POL AT (5422,3069) PNTS (6,0)(16,7)(16,272)(0,272)(0,7)(6,14)(6,0)(16,0)(16,7)(6,0) .POL AT (4846,3069) PNTS (16,500)(0,500)(1,467)(4,435)(7,403)(12,372)(19,344)(27,316) (37,291)(48,266)(59,242)(73,219)(86,198)(102,178)(120,159) (137,140)(156,124)(175,110)(196,95)(218,82)(240,70)(265,59) (289,49)(313,40)(339,31)(364,24)(392,18)(419,13)(447,9)(476,4) (506,2)(532,1)(553,1)(582,0)(582,14)(553,14)(532,14)(506,16) (477,18)(449,22)(421,26)(394,32)(368,38)(342,45)(317,52)(292,63) (269,72)(246,82)(226,94)(204,107)(184,121)(165,136)(147,153) (130,169)(113,187)(99,205)(84,227)(73,247)(59,271)(51,295) (41,321)(32,347)(27,375)(21,404)(18,435)(16,467)(16,500)(0,500) (16,500) .POL AT (4846,2832) PNTS (594,7)(586,14)(542,18)(512,19)(472,27)(435,32)(400,41)(366,47) (336,58)(306,69)(277,79)(253,91)(228,106)(204,120)(184,136) (165,154)(146,172)(130,193)(114,214)(99,234)(85,250)(74,277) (65,304)(54,334)(47,367)(39,400)(32,434)(27,471)(23,511)(21,551) (18,594)(16,640)(16,688)(16,737)(0,737)(1,688)(2,640)(4,594) (7,551)(10,511)(13,471)(19,432)(26,397)(32,363)(41,331)(51,302) (60,272)(73,245)(87,230)(102,207)(118,183)(137,163)(156,143) (175,125)(197,108)(220,93)(246,79)(273,67)(301,55)(332,44) (364,35)(398,27)(434,19)(471,13)(511,8)(541,4)(585,0)(578,7) (594,7) END .GRP .TXT AT (2146,3478) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <20 20 5 1000 0 0 0> LINEFILL <21 21 5 1000 0 0 0> SHADOW <11 0 15 15> PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 34 0 111> V_SPACE <0 333 0> FONT 1 SIZE 240000 L_SPACE 333 MARGINS <0 0 0 0> TXTXYOFF <-24 238> T_PNTS (0,238)(0,0)(1402,0)(1402,243)(0,243)(0,238)(1402,238) H_SPACE 0 .STR L_SPACE 250 "Network 1" .TXT AT (5732,3550) RECOLOR ON L_SPACE 333 T_PNTS (0,238)(0,0)(1455,0)(1455,243)(0,243)(0,238)(1455,238) .STR L_SPACE 250 "Network 2" .TXT AT (244,5206) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <20 20 0 0 0 0 0> THICKNESS 1 PARA <-500 500 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <56 444 0> SIZE 320000 L_SPACE 444 TXTXYOFF <12 326> T_PNTS (0,326)(0,0)(8555,0)(8555,868)(0,868)(0,326)(8555,326) H_SPACE 9789 .STR "Why? Because Layer 2 can only send to direct neighbours (on the same link)" .TXT AT (2243,291) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <7 7 0 0 0 0 0> PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 1 0 111> V_SPACE <0 611 0> SIZE 440000 BOLD ON HOR_JUST CENTER L_SPACE 611 TXTXYOFF <-1 447> T_PNTS (0,447)(0,0)(5809,0)(5809,579)(0,579)(0,447)(5809,447) .STR "What is forwarding?" .TXT AT (216,1469) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <20 20 0 19 0 0 0> PARA <-500 500 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <56 444 0> SIZE 320000 BOLD OFF HOR_JUST LEFT L_SPACE 444 TXTXYOFF <12 322> T_PNTS (0,322)(0,0)(9101,0)(9101,864)(0,864)(0,322)(9101,322) .STR "Receiving a datagram on one interface and resending it on anoth er" END PICTURE NOTES .GRP BACKFILL <20 0 5 1000 0 0 0> PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 1 0 111> V_SPACE <0 250 0> SIZE 180000 L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> .TMP AT (250,250) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <5 14 0 0> T_POS <250 250 7249 4875> .VOID .TMP AT (250,5125) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <6 15 0 0> T_POS <250 5125 7249 9749> .VOID END .GRP END NOTES SLIDE_INFO SLIDE_STYLE <0 -1 1> LAYOUT_ID <9 12 12 12 12> END SLIDE_INFO PICTURE .TXT AT (1248,307) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <7 7 0 0 0 0 0> V_SPACE <0 611 0> SIZE 440000 BOLD ON HOR_JUST CENTER L_SPACE 611 MARGINS <0 0 0 0> TXTXYOFF <-87 438> T_PNTS (0,438)(0,0)(8486,0)(8486,1181)(0,1181)(0,438)(8486,438) .STR "What happens when a router receives a datagram?" .TXT AT (492,2263) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <20 20 0 19 0 0 0> PARA <-500 500 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <56 444 0> SIZE 320000 BOLD OFF HOR_JUST LEFT L_SPACE 444 TXTXYOFF <12 322> T_PNTS (0,322)(0,0)(9286,0)(9286,4937)(0,4937)(0,322)(9286,322) .STR "First it checks to see if the destination address is local (i.e . the router itself is the final destination)" .STR "\nNext it decrements the Time To Live (TTL) field in the IP hea der. If it reaches zero, the datagram is discarded" .STR "\nFinally it looks up the destination in a " .STR ITALICS ON "forwarding table" .STR ITALICS OFF " to decide where to send it next" .STR "\nCould be on a directly-connected network, or could have to se nd it via another router" END PICTURE NOTES .GRP BACKFILL <20 0 5 1000 0 0 0> PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 1 0 111> V_SPACE <0 250 0> SIZE 180000 L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> .TMP AT (250,250) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <5 14 0 0> T_POS <250 250 7249 4875> .VOID .TMP AT (250,5125) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <6 15 0 0> T_POS <250 5125 7249 9749> .VOID END .GRP END NOTES SLIDE_INFO SLIDE_STYLE <0 -1 1> LAYOUT_ID <9 12 12 12 12> END SLIDE_INFO PICTURE .TXT AT (1748,311) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <7 7 0 0 0 0 0> V_SPACE <0 611 0> SIZE 440000 BOLD ON HOR_JUST CENTER L_SPACE 611 MARGINS <0 0 0 0> TXTXYOFF <-43 438> T_PNTS (0,438)(0,0)(7438,0)(7438,570)(0,570)(0,438)(7438,438) .STR "Forwarding is hop-by-hop" .TXT AT (520,2270) RECOLOR ON BACKFILL <20 20 0 19 0 0 0> PARA <-500 500 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <56 444 0> SIZE 320000 BOLD OFF HOR_JUST LEFT L_SPACE 444 TXTXYOFF <10 318> T_PNTS (0,318)(0,0)(9268,0)(9268,4579)(0,4579)(0,318)(9268,318) .STR "Each router can only communicate directly with devices which ar e on the same networks that it is connected to (Layer 2)" .STR "\nEach router gets the datagram one hop closer to the destinati on" .STR "\nEach router makes an " .STR ITALICS ON "independent " .STR ITALICS OFF "decision as to the next hop (the route is not pre-planned)" .STR "\nEach router has a different view of the world so has a differ ent forwarding table" END PICTURE NOTES .GRP BACKFILL <20 0 5 1000 0 0 0> PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 1 0 111> V_SPACE <0 250 0> SIZE 180000 L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> .TMP AT (250,250) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <5 14 0 0> T_POS <250 250 7249 4875> .VOID .TMP AT (250,5125) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <6 15 0 0> T_POS <250 5125 7249 9749> .VOID END .GRP END NOTES SLIDE_INFO SLIDE_STYLE <0 -1 1> LAYOUT_ID <1 2 12 12 12> END SLIDE_INFO PICTURE .TMP AT (103,84) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <1 0 0 0> T_POS <103 84 9891 1922> .TXT AT (791,250) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATED ON BACKFILL <7 7 0 0 0 0 0> V_SPACE <0 611 0> SIZE 440000 BOLD ON HOR_JUST CENTER L_SPACE 611 MARGINS <0 0 0 0> TXTXYOFF <-42 439> T_PNTS (0,439)(0,0)(8409,0)(8409,571)(0,571)(0,439)(8409,439) .STR "Using prefixes for forwarding" .TMP AT (103,2089) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <2 3 0 0> T_POS <103 2089 9891 7369> .TXT AT (77,2200) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATED ON BACKFILL <20 20 0 19 0 0 0> PARA <-500 500 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <56 444 0> SIZE 320000 BOLD OFF HOR_JUST LEFT L_SPACE 444 TXTXYOFF <10 318> T_PNTS (0,318)(0,0)(9249,0)(9249,4721)(0,4721)(0,318)(9249,318) .STR "We don't list every IP number on the Internet - the table would be huge" .STR "\nInstead, the forwarding table contains prefixes (network numb ers)" .STR PARA <-500 1000 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <28 389 0> SIZE 280000 "\n\t\"If the first /n bits matches this entry, send the datagra m this way\"" .STR "\n\tIf more than one prefix matches, the longest prefix wins (m ore specific route)" .STR "\n\t0.0.0.0/0 is \"default route\" - matches any IP address, bu t only if no other prefix matches" .STR PARA <-500 500 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <56 444 0> SIZE 320000 "\nThis is why layer 3 is so scalable" END PICTURE NOTES .GRP BACKFILL <20 0 5 1000 0 0 0> PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 1 0 111> V_SPACE <0 250 0> SIZE 180000 L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> .TMP AT (250,250) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <5 14 0 0> T_POS <250 250 7249 4875> .VOID .TMP AT (250,5125) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <6 15 0 0> T_POS <250 5125 7249 9749> .VOID END .GRP END NOTES SLIDE_INFO SLIDE_STYLE <0 -1 1> LAYOUT_ID <1 2 12 12 12> END SLIDE_INFO PICTURE .TMP AT (103,84) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <1 0 0 0> T_POS <103 84 9891 1922> .TXT AT (1755,238) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATED ON BACKFILL <7 7 0 0 0 0 0> V_SPACE <0 611 0> SIZE 440000 BOLD ON HOR_JUST CENTER L_SPACE 611 MARGINS <0 0 0 0> TXTXYOFF <0 439> T_PNTS (0,439)(0,0)(6440,0)(6440,571)(0,571)(0,439)(6440,439) .STR "Advantages of routers" .TMP AT (103,2089) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <2 3 0 0> T_POS <103 2089 9891 7369> .TXT AT (58,2157) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATED ON BACKFILL <20 20 0 19 0 0 0> PARA <-500 500 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <56 444 0> SIZE 320000 BOLD OFF HOR_JUST LEFT L_SPACE 444 TXTXYOFF <10 326> T_PNTS (0,326)(0,0)(9140,0)(9140,5088)(0,5088)(0,326)(9140,326) .STR "Separates your network into \"broadcast domains\" - broadcasts do not propagate between them" .STR "\nIsolates faults - a badly configured machine on one LAN does not affect machines on another" .STR "\nGlobally scalable - works for millions of machines" .STR "\nHighly robust; can have backup links" .STR "\nExchange traffic between different media (e.g. ethernet to PP P dialup)" END PICTURE NOTES .GRP BACKFILL <20 0 5 1000 0 0 0> PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 1 0 111> V_SPACE <0 250 0> SIZE 180000 L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> .TMP AT (250,250) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <5 14 0 0> T_POS <250 250 7249 4875> .VOID .TMP AT (250,5125) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <6 15 0 0> T_POS <250 5125 7249 9749> .VOID END .GRP END NOTES SLIDE_INFO SLIDE_STYLE <0 -1 1> LAYOUT_ID <1 2 12 12 12> END SLIDE_INFO PICTURE .TMP AT (103,84) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <1 0 0 0> T_POS <103 84 9891 1922> .TXT AT (1382,242) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATED ON BACKFILL <7 7 0 0 0 0 0> V_SPACE <0 611 0> SIZE 440000 BOLD ON HOR_JUST CENTER L_SPACE 611 MARGINS <0 0 0 0> TXTXYOFF <-45 439> T_PNTS (0,439)(0,0)(7243,0)(7243,571)(0,571)(0,439)(7243,439) .STR "Disadvantages of routers" .TMP AT (103,2089) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <2 3 0 0> T_POS <103 2089 9891 7369> .TXT AT (77,2200) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATED ON BACKFILL <20 20 0 19 0 0 0> PARA <-500 500 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <56 444 0> SIZE 320000 BOLD OFF HOR_JUST LEFT L_SPACE 444 TXTXYOFF <12 318> T_PNTS (0,318)(0,0)(9117,0)(9117,4237)(0,4237)(0,318)(9117,318) .STR "Routed networks are not plug-and-play" .STR PARA <-500 1000 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <28 389 0> SIZE 280000 "\n\tYou need to allocate IP addresses to each network" .STR "\n\tYou need to build forwarding tables by hand or configure ro uting protocols" .STR PARA <-500 500 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <56 444 0> SIZE 320000 "\nHardware routers are expensive" .STR PARA <-500 1000 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <28 389 0> SIZE 280000 "\n\tdepending on what speed and what sorts of interfaces you ne ed" .STR PARA <-500 500 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <56 444 0> SIZE 320000 "\nPCs running Unix make acceptable routers" .STR PARA <-500 1000 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <28 389 0> SIZE 280000 "\n\tbut not as reliable and harder to configure" END PICTURE NOTES .GRP BACKFILL <20 0 5 1000 0 0 0> PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 1 0 111> V_SPACE <0 250 0> SIZE 180000 L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> .TMP AT (250,250) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <5 14 0 0> T_POS <250 250 7249 4875> .VOID .TMP AT (250,5125) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <6 15 0 0> T_POS <250 5125 7249 9749> .VOID END .GRP END NOTES SLIDE_INFO SLIDE_STYLE <0 -1 1> LAYOUT_ID <1 2 12 12 12> END SLIDE_INFO PICTURE .TMP AT (103,84) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <1 0 0 0> T_POS <103 84 9891 1922> .TXT AT (163,234) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATED ON BACKFILL <7 7 0 0 0 0 0> V_SPACE <0 611 0> SIZE 440000 BOLD ON HOR_JUST CENTER L_SPACE 611 MARGINS <0 0 0 0> TXTXYOFF <-24 447> T_PNTS (0,447)(0,0)(9641,0)(9641,1070)(0,1070)(0,447)(9641,447) .STR "Other options for interconnecting networks" .TMP AT (103,2089) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <2 3 0 0> T_POS <103 2089 9891 7369> .TXT AT (71,2193) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATED ON BACKFILL <20 20 0 19 0 0 0> PARA <-500 500 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <56 444 0> SIZE 320000 BOLD OFF HOR_JUST LEFT L_SPACE 444 TXTXYOFF <12 318> T_PNTS (0,318)(0,0)(8927,0)(8927,3738)(0,3738)(0,318)(8927,318) .STR "At layer 4: proxies" .STR PARA <-500 1000 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <28 389 0> SIZE 280000 "\n\tMost common example is SOCKS proxy" .STR PARA <-500 500 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <56 444 0> SIZE 320000 "\nAt layer 7: application gateways" .STR PARA <-500 1000 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <28 389 0> SIZE 280000 "\n\tThey understand the application protocol and apply processi ng to it" .STR "\n\tExample: Squid web cache (HTTP gateway; client requests pag es and Squid caches them for future clients)" .STR "\n\tExample: Gateway SMTP to X400 mail" END PICTURE NOTES .GRP BACKFILL <20 0 5 1000 0 0 0> PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 1 0 111> V_SPACE <0 250 0> SIZE 180000 L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> .TMP AT (250,250) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <5 14 0 0> T_POS <250 250 7249 4875> .VOID .TMP AT (250,5125) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <6 15 0 0> T_POS <250 5125 7249 9749> .VOID END .GRP END NOTES SLIDE_INFO SLIDE_STYLE <0 -1 1> LAYOUT_ID <1 2 12 12 12> END SLIDE_INFO PICTURE .TMP AT (103,84) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <1 0 0 0> T_POS <103 84 9891 1922> .TXT AT (2307,247) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATED ON BACKFILL <7 7 0 0 0 0 0> V_SPACE <0 611 0> SIZE 440000 BOLD ON HOR_JUST CENTER L_SPACE 611 MARGINS <0 0 0 0> TXTXYOFF <-45 438> T_PNTS (0,438)(0,0)(5380,0)(5380,449)(0,449)(0,438)(5380,438) .STR "Recommendations" .TMP AT (103,2089) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <2 3 0 0> T_POS <103 2089 9891 7369> .TXT AT (80,2203) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATED ON BACKFILL <20 20 0 19 0 0 0> PARA <-500 500 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <56 444 0> SIZE 320000 BOLD OFF HOR_JUST LEFT L_SPACE 444 TXTXYOFF <12 318> T_PNTS (0,318)(0,0)(9208,0)(9208,4269)(0,4269)(0,318)(9208,318) .STR "Build small LANs with routers in between" .STR "\nKeep different types of users on different LANs (zones of tru st)" .STR PARA <-500 1000 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <28 389 0> SIZE 280000 "\n\tAt a university: students on one group of LANs, staff on an other, perhaps servers on another" .STR "\n\tAt an ISP: infrastructure on one LAN, staff on another, cus tomer hosted servers on another" .STR PARA <-500 500 -500 1 1000 0 2 108> V_SPACE <56 444 0> SIZE 320000 "\nHelps your network scale, helps security, helps minimise faul ts and makes them easier to trace" END PICTURE NOTES .GRP BACKFILL <20 0 5 1000 0 0 0> PARA <0 0 0 0 1000 1 0 111> V_SPACE <0 250 0> SIZE 180000 L_SPACE 250 MARGINS <125 125 250 62> .TMP AT (250,250) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <5 14 0 0> T_POS <250 250 7249 4875> .VOID .TMP AT (250,5125) RECOLOR ON TEMPLATE_FLAGS <6 15 0 0> T_POS <250 5125 7249 9749> .VOID END .GRP END NOTES *END GRAPHICS